यह कितनी अजीब बात है कि आज के दौर में, जब हम अपनी स्वतंत्र सोच पर इतना इतराते हैं, उन्नीसवीं सदी के एक स्पष्ट रूप से मानसिक रूप से असंतुलित दार्शनिक की इस घोषणा को बिना किसी सवाल के चुपचाप मान लेते हैं कि भगवान मर चुके हैं! बेशक यह बात थोड़ी गुस्ताखी भरी है—और नीत्से को पढ़कर शायद ही कोई ऐसा हो जो कुछ नया और महत्वपूर्ण सीखे बिना लौटे। आस्था के लिए वह आज के मेरे जाने-माने किसी भी नास्तिक की तुलना में यकीनन कहीं अधिक असहज करने वाले हैं।

It's strange that in an age when we pride ourselves on our independence of thought we meekly submit without further question to the declaration of a clearly unbalanced nineteenth century philosopher that God is dead! That's cheeky, of course - and one rarely comes away from reading Nietzsche without learning something new and significant. He's certainly FAR more unsettling for faith than any contemporary atheist I know of.

It's strange that in an age when we pride ourselves on our independence of thought we meekly submit without further question to the declaration of a clearly unbalanced nineteenth century philosopher that God is dead! That's cheeky, of course - and one rarely comes away from reading Nietzsche without learning something new and significant. He's certainly FAR more unsettling for faith than any contemporary atheist I know of.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Philosophy
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Philosophical 95%

मूल रूप से, मैं नए नास्तिकतावाद को वामपंथ के संकट का ही एक हिस्सा मानता हूँ। राजनीतिक और आर्थिक मोर्चे पर अपने एजेंडे को लागू करने में असफल रहने के बाद, अब वह धर्म पर हमलावर हो गया है, इस बात को नजरअंदाज करते हुए कि कुछ मायनों में कई धार्मिक लोग भी वामपंथी सोच से इत्तेफाक रखते हैं।

Essentially I see the new atheism as largely part of the crisis of the left. Having failed to carry through its agenda in relation to political and economic life it's rounding on religion, ignoring the fact that, in some key respects, many believers are likely to share leftist aspirations.

Essentially I see the new atheism as largely part of the crisis of the left. Having failed to carry through its agenda in relation to political and economic life it's rounding on religion, ignoring the fact that, in some key respects, many believers are likely to share leftist aspirations.

Topic Spirituality & Morality Religion
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Observation 92%

सैद्धांतिक स्तर पर, मुझे लगता है कि धर्म के प्रति प्रकृतिवादी (naturalist) दृष्टिकोण ऐसे सवाल उठाता है जिनमें मेरी कोई दिलचस्पी नहीं है। वे अपने दायरे में बिल्कुल सही हो सकते हैं, लेकिन वे इस वास्तविक अनुभव को नहीं छूते कि कैसे धर्म का कोई न कोई पहलू हमारी असल जिंदगी में सार्थक बन जाता है। चूँकि हम खुद इस जाँच के दायरे में हैं, इसलिए यह सब कुछ बदल देता है।

At a theoretical level, I think a naturalist approach to religion is just asking questions I'm not interested in. They're perfectly legitimate in their own terms, but they don't address the actual experience of how one or other aspect of religion becomes existentially meaningful to us in our actual lives. The fact that we ourselves are the subject of investigation makes all the difference.

At a theoretical level, I think a naturalist approach to religion is just asking questions I'm not interested in. They're perfectly legitimate in their own terms, but they don't address the actual experience of how one or other aspect of religion becomes existentially meaningful to us in our actual lives. The fact that we ourselves are the subject of investigation makes all the difference.

Topic Spirituality & Morality Religion
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Reflection 95%

टेनिस खिलाड़ी का हर शॉट अलग होता है, फिर भी हम देखते हैं कि उनके खेलने का अंदाज़ बेहद अनोखा और अलग होता है। इसे ही हाइडेगर ने अस्तित्व का एक खास 'ढंग' कहा है। यह हमेशा अनूठा होता है, और इसे (क) समझने और (ब) दूसरों तक पहुँचाने के इस दोहरे प्रयास में सफलता से ज़्यादा नाकामी का सामना करना पड़ता है!

Every stroke a tennis player plays is different, yet we perceive them as playing in a distinctive and unique way. It's what Heidegger called a certain 'how' of existing. It's ultimately always singular, and the double task of (a) getting it in view and (b) communicating it to others will inevitably be marked more often by failure than success!

Every stroke a tennis player plays is different, yet we perceive them as playing in a distinctive and unique way. It's what Heidegger called a certain 'how' of existing. It's ultimately always singular, and the double task of (a) getting it in view and (b) communicating it to others will inevitably be marked more often by failure than success!

Topic Self & Identity Uniqueness
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 92%

सकारात्मक रूप से, वह [हाइडेगर] यह दिखाते हैं कि मृत्यु का विचार खुद में संभावनाओं के सारे अर्थ को खत्म नहीं करता, बल्कि यह मांग करता है कि इन अर्थों को भविष्य की किसी काल्पनिक परलोक जीवन की कहानियों से हटाकर कहीं और जोड़ा जाए। हालाँकि, मुझे नहीं लगता कि उन्होंने इस काम में यह दिखाने के लिए पर्याप्त प्रयास किया है कि इस बदलाव का चरित्र मूल रूप से नैतिक है (लेविनास के 'नैतिक' के अर्थ में)।

Positively, he [Heidegger] shows that the prospect of death doesn't of itself destroy all possibilities of meaning but calls instead for these to be relocated from fantasies about a future post-mortem life. However, I don't think he does enough in this work to show that this relocation has - I believe - a primarily ethical character (in Levinas's sense of 'ethical').

Positively, he [Heidegger] shows that the prospect of death doesn't of itself destroy all possibilities of meaning but calls instead for these to be relocated from fantasies about a future post-mortem life. However, I don't think he does enough in this work to show that this relocation has - I believe - a primarily ethical character (in Levinas's sense of 'ethical').

Topic Knowledge & Learning Philosophy
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Reflection 95%

लेकिन आखिर कोई धार्मिक व्यक्ति हाइडेगर जैसी रचना में क्यों रुचि लेगा, जिसे कई लोग शून्यवाद (nihilism) की पराकाष्ठा मानते हैं? सबसे पहले तो इसलिए, क्योंकि हाइडेगर हमें उन गिने-चुने दार्शनिकों की तरह सोचने पर मजबूर करते हैं कि हमारी मृत्युशीलता कितनी गंभीर और सर्वव्यापी है।

But why should a religious person be interested in a work like Heidegger's that many regard as the epitome of nihilism? For a start, because Heidegger forces us in a way that few philosophers do to really think through the seriousness and all-encompassing nature of our mortality.

But why should a religious person be interested in a work like Heidegger's that many regard as the epitome of nihilism? For a start, because Heidegger forces us in a way that few philosophers do to really think through the seriousness and all-encompassing nature of our mortality.

Topic Life & Existence Death
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Thought-provoking 95%

संक्षेप में, मैं मृत्यु की तुलना में प्रेम को अर्थ का अधिक निर्णायक केंद्र मानता हूँ। हाइडेगर की दलील के लिहाज से, ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि मुझे लगता है कि वे दूसरों की मौत के महत्व को ठीक से नहीं समझ पाए और उन्होंने पूरा ध्यान सिर्फ अपनी मौत के साथ मेरे रिश्ते पर केंद्रित कर दिया। लेकिन वास्तव में, दूसरों की मौत हमारे जीवन पर इस कोरे खयाल से कहीं अधिक गहरा और तुरंत असर डालती है कि एक दिन मुझे भी मरना है।

In brief, I regard love as a more decisive focus of meaning than death. In terms of Heidegger's argument, this is because I think he misdescribes the importance of the deaths of others and focuses exclusively on my relation to my own death. But, in reality, the deaths of others have a more urgent and immediate impact on our lives than the purely notional knowledge that I too will one day die.

In brief, I regard love as a more decisive focus of meaning than death. In terms of Heidegger's argument, this is because I think he misdescribes the importance of the deaths of others and focuses exclusively on my relation to my own death. But, in reality, the deaths of others have a more urgent and immediate impact on our lives than the purely notional knowledge that I too will one day die.

Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Philosophical 95%

दूसरों की देखभाल करने के अपने कर्तव्य को महसूस करने से ही नैतिकता जन्म लेती है, क्योंकि वे भी हमारी तरह मृत्यु के मुहाने पर खड़े हैं—यानी ऐसे लोग जिन्हें हमारी मदद की जरूरत है। बौद्ध धर्म, और यह गलत भी नहीं है, इसे 'सभी संवेदन शील जीवों' तक फैला देता है।

Ethics arises in the recognition of our obligation to care for others as beings, like us, exposed to mortality - that is, beings who need our help. Buddhism, not wrongly, extends this to 'all sentient beings'.

Ethics arises in the recognition of our obligation to care for others as beings, like us, exposed to mortality - that is, beings who need our help. Buddhism, not wrongly, extends this to 'all sentient beings'.

Topic Spirituality & Morality Mortality
Tone: Wise Sentiment: Positive Type: Philosophical 95%

सार्त्र इसका एक बेहतरीन उदाहरण हैं। आखिरकार, हर ग्रंथ एक इंसानी दस्तावेज है और कीर्केगार्ड के मन में भगवान को लेकर जो भी विचार थे, वे साफ तौर पर इंसानी सोच का हिस्सा थे, जिन्हें सिद्धांत रूप में दूसरे इंसान समझ सकते हैं और उनकी व्याख्या कर सकते हैं। धर्म के प्रति एक फेनोमेनोलॉजिकल (घटनाशास्त्रीय) दृष्टिकोण को, मेरे हिसाब से, इस पुरानी कहावत को अपनाना चाहिए: इंसानी से जुड़ा कुछ भी मेरे लिए पराया नहीं है।

Sartre is one example of someone who does just this. Every text is, after all, a human document and whatever Kierkegaard thought about God was clearly a matter of human thought that can, in principle, be retrieved and interpreted by other human beings. A phenomenological approach to religion must, it seems to me, adopt the old adage: nothing human is alien to me.

Sartre is one example of someone who does just this. Every text is, after all, a human document and whatever Kierkegaard thought about God was clearly a matter of human thought that can, in principle, be retrieved and interpreted by other human beings. A phenomenological approach to religion must, it seems to me, adopt the old adage: nothing human is alien to me.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Philosophy
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Philosophical 95%

स्पष्ट और व्यवस्थित एकता के अलावा भी एकता के कई रूप होते हैं, जिन पर पूल हमला कर रहे हैं। गति के कई रूप हैं—उदाहरण के लिए संगीत या एथलेटिक्स में—जो खुद को एक खास एकता के रूप में पेश करते हैं। कुछ क्षेत्रों में हम 'शैली' (style) की बात कर सकते हैं।

There are kinds of unity other than those of the explicit and systematic unity that Poole is attacking. There are kinds of movement - in music or athletics, for example - that present themselves as having a certain unity about them. In some sphere we might talk about 'style'.

There are kinds of unity other than those of the explicit and systematic unity that Poole is attacking. There are kinds of movement - in music or athletics, for example - that present themselves as having a certain unity about them. In some sphere we might talk about 'style'.

Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 92%

बेशक, अगर कोई व्यक्तिगत रुचि के लिए कीर्केगार्ड को पढ़ता है तो यह ठीक है—लेकिन किसी खास लेखक (चाहे वह कीर्केगार्ड हों, हाइडेगर हों या कोई और) से सिर्फ अपनी पसंद की चीजें चुन लेना खराब विद्वता है। फिर भी, मुझे लगता है कि उनकी रचनाओं के अधिक धार्मिक हिस्से भी मानवीय स्थिति के अर्थ को लेकर ऐसी गहरी बातें बता सकते हैं जो उन लोगों के लिए भी मददगार हैं जो यह नहीं कह सकते कि, मिसाल के तौर पर, वे ईसा मसीह को ईश्वर का पुत्र और अपना व्यक्तिगत उद्धारकर्ता मानते हैं।

Of course, if one's reading Kierkegaard for personal interest that's fine - but it's sloppy scholarship just to cherry pick what suits one from a particular author, whether it's Kierkegaard, Heidegger, or whoever. Nevertheless, it does seem to me that even the more religious parts of the authorship can offer significant insights into the meaning of the human condition to those who can't then say that, e.g., they believe Jesus Christ is the Son of God and their personal Saviour.

Of course, if one's reading Kierkegaard for personal interest that's fine - but it's sloppy scholarship just to cherry pick what suits one from a particular author, whether it's Kierkegaard, Heidegger, or whoever. Nevertheless, it does seem to me that even the more religious parts of the authorship can offer significant insights into the meaning of the human condition to those who can't then say that, e.g., they believe Jesus Christ is the Son of God and their personal Saviour.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Philosophy
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Philosophical 95%

लेकिन, जैसे-जैसे वह [कीर्केगार्ड] अपने उस मुकाम के करीब पहुंचते हैं जिसे हम उनके मसीहा-केंद्रित (Christocentric) चरम बिंदु कह सकते हैं, कई पाठक छूट जाते हैं। कई विद्वान उनके लेखन के उस हिस्से को छूते तक नहीं हैं।

But, inevitably, as he [Kierkegaard] approaches what we might call his Christocentric climax many readers drop off. Many scholars just leave that part of his authorship alone.

But, inevitably, as he [Kierkegaard] approaches what we might call his Christocentric climax many readers drop off. Many scholars just leave that part of his authorship alone.

Topic Spirituality & Morality Religion
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 95%

शायद इसमें कोई हैरानी की बात नहीं है, यहाँ एक विरोधाभास है! कीर्केगार्ड का अपना अप्रत्यक्ष संवाद यह सुझाव देता है कि हमें गैर-आस्तिकों के अनुभवों से शुरुआत करनी चाहिए और उनकी ही जमीन पर उनसे मिलना चाहिए। उनकी इस बात में सफलता इस तथ्य से साबित होती है कि, कम से कम 20वीं सदी के कुछ दौरों में, उनके काम के कुछ पहलू विभिन्न प्रकार के कट्टर विचारकों के लिए आकर्षण का मुख्य केंद्र बन गए, जिनमें गैर-धार्मिक और दिलचस्प बात यह है कि बड़ी संख्या में यहूदी विचारक (जैसे बुबर, रोसेनस्वेइग, ताउब और अन्य) भी शामिल थे।

Perhaps unsurprisingly, there's a paradox here! Kierkegaard's own indirect communication proposes that we start with the experience of those who don't believe and meet them on their own ground. His success in doing this is evidenced by the fact that, at least for some periods of the 20th century, aspects of his work became a major focus for radical thinkers of various kinds, including the non-religious and, interestingly, a significant number of Jewish thinkers (Buber, Rosenzweig, Taubes, and others).

Perhaps unsurprisingly, there's a paradox here! Kierkegaard's own indirect communication proposes that we start with the experience of those who don't believe and meet them on their own ground. His success in doing this is evidenced by the fact that, at least for some periods of the 20th century, aspects of his work became a major focus for radical thinkers of various kinds, including the non-religious and, interestingly, a significant number of Jewish thinkers (Buber, Rosenzweig, Taubes, and others).

Topic Knowledge & Learning Philosophy
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Paradox 95%

मैं इस बात को लेकर पूरी तरह आश्वस्त नहीं हूँ कि मैं एक 'दार्शनिक' हूँ—लेकिन मैं उन सवालों पर जरूर विचार करता हूँ जिन्हें आम तौर पर दार्शनिक सवाल माना जाता है, जैसे कि मानव अस्तित्व का स्वरूप क्या है और एक अच्छा इंसान कैसे जिया जाए।

I'm not sure that I 'am' a philosopher - but I do engage with questions that are generally recognized as philosophical questions, such as the character of human existence and what makes for a good human life.

I'm not sure that I 'am' a philosopher - but I do engage with questions that are generally recognized as philosophical questions, such as the character of human existence and what makes for a good human life.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Philosophy
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Reflection 95%

व्याख्या एक ऐसा काम है जिसे हमें बार-बार उठाना पड़ता है और सिफिसस की तरह शुरुआत से फिर से शुरू करना पड़ता है। लेकिन, जैसा कि कामू ने कहा था, हमें सिफिसस को हमेशा खुशहाल कल्पना करना चाहिए, और जब बात ऐसे ग्रंथों की हो जो इंसान होने के महत्वपूर्ण सच को उजागर करते हैं, तो ऐसा करना इतना भी मुश्किल नहीं है।

Interpretation is a task that we repeatedly have to take up and start again from the beginning, Sisyphus-like. But, as Camus said, we must always imagine Sisyphus happy, and this is not so difficult when it's a matter of texts that reveal important truths about being human.

Interpretation is a task that we repeatedly have to take up and start again from the beginning, Sisyphus-like. But, as Camus said, we must always imagine Sisyphus happy, and this is not so difficult when it's a matter of texts that reveal important truths about being human.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Wisdom
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Positive Type: Philosophical 95%

बार्थ का दृष्टिकोण आस्था और अविश्‍वास के बीच या धर्मशास्त्र और अन्य मानव विज्ञानों के बीच संवाद की किसी भी संभावना को पूरी तरह खत्म कर देता है। धर्मशास्त्र बस वही कहता है जो धर्मग्रंथ में लिखा है, और बात वहीं खत्म हो जाती है।

Barth's approach tears up any possibility of dialogue between faith and unfaith or between theology and other human sciences. Theology just says what it says on the basis of scripture, and that's that.

Barth's approach tears up any possibility of dialogue between faith and unfaith or between theology and other human sciences. Theology just says what it says on the basis of scripture, and that's that.

Topic Spirituality & Morality Religion
Tone: Serious Sentiment: Neutral Type: Philosophical 95%

हालाँकि, श्लेयरमाकर इसकी शुरुआत मानवीय स्थिति के एक बुनियादी तत्व को खोजने से करते हैं, यानी यह कि हमने खुद को नहीं बनाया है, बल्कि हम ऐसे जीवन और दुनिया में पैदा हुए हैं जो कई मायनों में हमसे पहले से मौजूद है।

Schleiermacher, however, starts by attempting to find what he takes to be a basic element of the human condition as such, namely, that we did not invent ourselves but find ourselves born into a life and a world that precedes us in manifold ways.

Schleiermacher, however, starts by attempting to find what he takes to be a basic element of the human condition as such, namely, that we did not invent ourselves but find ourselves born into a life and a world that precedes us in manifold ways.

Topic Life & Existence Life
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Philosophical 95%

आखिरकार, हम अपनी उत्पत्ति और अपने अंत को लेकर एक ऐसे अनसुलझे रहस्य के साये में जीते हैं जिसे सुलझाया नहीं जा सकता। और श्लेयरमाकर चाहते हैं कि हम (क) इस बात को स्वीकार करें और (ब) इसे एक सकारात्मक चीज़ के रूप में अपनाएं, जो एक भरोसेमंद और आनंदमय जीवन की शुरुआत बन सके।

Ultimately, we live in the face of an irresolvable mystery about our origin and, for that matter, about our end. And what Schleiermacher would have us do is (a) acknowledge that this is the case and (b) accept it as something positive, a point of departure for a life of trusting joy.

Ultimately, we live in the face of an irresolvable mystery about our origin and, for that matter, about our end. And what Schleiermacher would have us do is (a) acknowledge that this is the case and (b) accept it as something positive, a point of departure for a life of trusting joy.

Topic Life & Existence Life
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Positive Type: Philosophical 95%

और यही वह बात है जिसे वह ईसाई धर्म के सिद्धांतों का मुख्य सार मानते हैं, यानी यह कि कुछ तयशुदा बातें सिखाने के बजाय एक दृष्टिकोण या नजरिया सिखाना। इसे जीवन के प्रति एक आनंदमय खुलापन कह सकते हैं। भला इसमें प्रासंगिक क्या नहीं है?

And this is also what he takes Christian doctrine, in all its complexity, to be centrally about, that is, teaching an attitude rather than a set of propositions. Call it joyous openness to life. What's not relevant about that?

And this is also what he takes Christian doctrine, in all its complexity, to be centrally about, that is, teaching an attitude rather than a set of propositions. Call it joyous openness to life. What's not relevant about that?

Topic Spirituality & Morality Religion
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Positive Type: Philosophical 92%

मेरा मतलब है कि 'भगवान की मौत' वाटरलू के युद्ध या मैग्ना कार्टा जैसी कोई घटना नहीं है। यह उस तरह की कोई ऐतिहासिक घटना नहीं है। बहुत से लोगों के लिए तो यह अभी तक हुई ही नहीं है। कुछ अन्य लोग - अपनी पिछली बात पर लौटें तो - अभी भी गहरे सदमे की स्थिति में हैं।

But my point is that 'the death of God' is not something like the Battle of Waterloo or Magna Charta. It's not a historic event of that kind. For many people it hasn't happened yet. Others - to recur to an earlier question - are still in the phase of intense shock.

But my point is that 'the death of God' is not something like the Battle of Waterloo or Magna Charta. It's not a historic event of that kind. For many people it hasn't happened yet. Others - to recur to an earlier question - are still in the phase of intense shock.

Topic Spirituality & Morality Religion
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Philosophical 95%

दूसरों के लिए शोक समाप्त हो चुका है। कुछ लोगों का यह भी कहना होगा कि भले ही एक भगवान की मौत हो गई हो - शायद ऑन्टोथियोलॉजी (अस्तित्वमीमांसा) वाले भगवान की? - तो यह इस अच्छी खबर की गुंजाइश देता है कि एक ऐसा भगवान आने वाला है, एक ऐसा भगवान जो इंसान की अच्छाई और अर्थ की तलाश से जुड़ी अनगिनत आकांक्षाओं को बेहतर तरीके से समेट सकेगा और उन्हें न्याय दे सकेगा (न कि सिर्फ़ उन लोगों को जो किसी संकीर्ण 'धार्मिक' दायरे में फिट बैठते हैं)।

For others the mourning is over. Others would say that whilst one God has died - the God of ontotheology perhaps? - this allows for the good news of a God who is to come, a God who will be better able to gather up and give justice to all the manifold aspirations of human life towards goodness and meaning (and not just to those who are able to fit into a narrow 'religious' framework).

For others the mourning is over. Others would say that whilst one God has died - the God of ontotheology perhaps? - this allows for the good news of a God who is to come, a God who will be better able to gather up and give justice to all the manifold aspirations of human life towards goodness and meaning (and not just to those who are able to fit into a narrow 'religious' framework).

Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Philosophical 95%

और शून्यता हमें एक बात तो निश्चित रूप से सिखा सकती है—वह यह कि इंतज़ार कैसे किया जाए, सच्चा धैर्य कैसे रखा जाए, और फालतू के बौद्धिक बोझ से कैसे पीछा छुड़ाया जाए। आज के इस अति-व्यस्त, एक साथ कई काम करने वाले और हमेशा लक्ष्य के पीछे भागने वाले इंसानों के लिए यह एक बहुत बड़ा सबक है।

And one thing the void certainly can teach us is how to wait, how to become truly patient, and how to let go of superfluous intellectual baggage - all of which is a good lesson for hyper-agitated multi-tasking goal-focussed contemporary human beings.

And one thing the void certainly can teach us is how to wait, how to become truly patient, and how to let go of superfluous intellectual baggage - all of which is a good lesson for hyper-agitated multi-tasking goal-focussed contemporary human beings.

Topic Adversity & Resilience Patience
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Positive Type: Life Advice 95%

शायद—और यह बात क्योटो स्कूल पर भी लागू होती है—इनमें से एक अंतर्दृष्टि यह है कि शून्यता और अज्ञान को किसी विध्वंसकारी शून्यवाद (निहिलिज्म) के रूप में नहीं देखना चाहिए, बल्कि एकता और जुड़ाव के अनुभव के रूप में देखना चाहिए। साथ ही, हमें वस्तुनिष्ठ तत्वमीमांसा (ऑब्जेक्टिफाइंग मेटाफिजिक्स) की इस प्रवृत्ति का विरोध करना चाहिए जो यह दावा करती है कि हम किसी तरह यह 'जान' सकते हैं कि यह अनुभव की गई एकता ही वास्तव में चीजों की सच्चाई है, यानी यह खुद अस्तित्व को उजागर करती है।

Perhaps - and this goes for the Kyoto School too - one of these insights is that nothingness and unknowing don't have to be equated with a destructive nihilism but with the experience of unity and participation - whilst resisting the tendency of objectifying metaphysics to claim that we can in some way 'know' that this experienced unity is really the truth of how things are, i.e., reveals being itself.

Perhaps - and this goes for the Kyoto School too - one of these insights is that nothingness and unknowing don't have to be equated with a destructive nihilism but with the experience of unity and participation - whilst resisting the tendency of objectifying metaphysics to claim that we can in some way 'know' that this experienced unity is really the truth of how things are, i.e., reveals being itself.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Philosophy
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Philosophical 92%

एक तरह से ये ऐसे सवाल हैं जिन्हें ज़्यादातर लोग किसी न किसी हद तक खुद से पूछते हैं। ये तब दार्शनिक सवाल बन जाते हैं जब इन्हें ऐसी जिद और गहराई से पूछा जाता है जो पारंपरिक या टालमटोल वाले जवाबों से आगे निकल जाती है। इसका किसी अकादमिक विषय में तकनीकी महारत हासिल करने से कोई लेना-देना नहीं है।

In a sense these are questions that most people ask themselves to some extent. They become philosophical when asked with a persistence and rigour that pushes past conventional or evasive answers. It's nothing to do with acquiring a technical facility in an academic discipline.

In a sense these are questions that most people ask themselves to some extent. They become philosophical when asked with a persistence and rigour that pushes past conventional or evasive answers. It's nothing to do with acquiring a technical facility in an academic discipline.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Philosophical Questions
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Philosophical 95%

शायद यह एक ऐसा क्षेत्र है जहाँ हर पीढ़ी बिल्कुल शुरुआत से यानी शून्य से शुरुआत करती है। हालाँकि प्रथम विश्व युद्ध के संकट ने पिछली पीढ़ी की आशावादिता के प्रति एक गहरी निराशा का दौर शुरू किया था, लेकिन हाल के दौर में भी कई रूपों में यह सिलसिला दोहराया गया है—जैसे इंसानी भलाई को आगे बढ़ाने के साधन के रूप में राजनीति से विश्वास उठ जाना। और शायद इसका संबंध बड़े होने की बुनियादी प्रक्रियाओं से भी है।

Perhaps this is an area where every generation starts from scratch. Although the crisis of the First World War inaugurated an especially strong period of disillusion with regard to the optimism of the previous age, the pattern has repeated itself in many ways in more recent times, e.g., the loss of faith in politics as a means of advancing human well-being. And perhaps this also has to do with basic elements in growing up.

Perhaps this is an area where every generation starts from scratch. Although the crisis of the First World War inaugurated an especially strong period of disillusion with regard to the optimism of the previous age, the pattern has repeated itself in many ways in more recent times, e.g., the loss of faith in politics as a means of advancing human well-being. And perhaps this also has to do with basic elements in growing up.

Topic Society & World History
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Observation 92%