Profile · Classification

Religious Status Religious
Religious Affiliation Judaism
Belief in God Believes in God
Category Philosopher
Confidence
99%
Subcategories
Physician Theologian Jurist

सच्चाई इस बात से ज़्यादा सच नहीं हो जाती कि पूरी दुनिया उससे सहमत है, और न ही इस बात से कम सच होती है कि पूरी दुनिया उससे असहग्त है।

Truth does not become more true by virtue of the fact that the entire world agrees with it, nor less so even if the whole world disagrees with it.

Truth does not become more true by virtue of the fact that the entire world agrees with it, nor less so even if the whole world disagrees with it.

अपनी ज़बान को 'मैं नहीं जानता' कहना सिखाओ, और तुम तरक्की करोगे।

Teach thy tongue to say 'I do not know,' and thou shalt progress.

Teach thy tongue to say 'I do not know,' and thou shalt progress.

मैं अपने दुश्मनों को दोस्त बनाकर उनका नाश कर दूंगा।

I will destroy my enemies by converting them to friends.

I will destroy my enemies by converting them to friends.

हर इंसान को खुद को संतुलित मानना चाहिए—आधा अच्छा और आधा बुरा। इसी तरह, उसे पूरी दुनिया को भी आधा अच्छा और आधा बुरा देखना चाहिए... अपने एक अच्छे काम से वह अपने लिए और पूरी दुनिया के लिए पलड़े को अच्छाई की तरफ झुका सकता है।

Every man should view himself as equally balanced: half good and half evil. Likewise, he should see the entire world as half good and half evil.... With a single good deed he will tip the scales for himself, and for the entire world, to the side of good.

Every man should view himself as equally balanced: half good and half evil. Likewise, he should see the entire world as half good and half evil.... With a single good deed he will tip the scales for himself, and for the entire world, to the side of good.

कोई बात सिर्फ इसलिए सच नहीं मान लेनी चाहिए कि वह किताबों में लिखी है, क्योंकि जो झूठा इंसान अपनी जुबान से धोखा दे सकता है, वह अपनी कलम से भी धोखा देने में संकोच नहीं करेगा।

Do not consider it proof just because it is written in books, for a liar who will deceive with his tongue will not hesitate to do the same with his pen.

Do not consider it proof just because it is written in books, for a liar who will deceive with his tongue will not hesitate to do the same with his pen.

किसी भूखे को एक मछली देने से आप उसे एक दिन का भोजन देते हैं; लेकिन उसे मछली पकड़ना सिखाने से आप उसका पेट जीवनभर के लिए भर देते हैं।

Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.

Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.

दान के आठ स्तर होते हैं... सबसे श्रेष्ठ दान वह है जब आप किसी को इतना सक्षम बना देते हैं कि उसे दूसरों पर निर्भर न रहना पड़े।

There are eight levels of charity.... The highest is when you strengthen a man's hand until he need no longer be dependent upon others.

There are eight levels of charity.... The highest is when you strengthen a man's hand until he need no longer be dependent upon others.

सच्चाई चाहे जिस भी स्रोत से मिले, आपको उसे स्वीकार करना चाहिए।

You must accept the truth from whatever source it comes.

You must accept the truth from whatever source it comes.

धन और मान-सम्मान बढ़ाने की इंसान की जिद ही उसके दुखों का मुख्य कारण है।

Man's obsession to add to his wealth and honor is the chief source of his misery.

Man's obsession to add to his wealth and honor is the chief source of his misery.

मौन, बुद्धिमत्ता की परिपक्वता है।

Silence is the maturation of wisdom.

Silence is the maturation of wisdom.

जिस बीमारी का इलाज सही खान-पान से हो सके, उसके लिए किसी अन्य उपचार की जरूरत नहीं पड़नी चाहिए।

Let nothing which can be treated by diet be treated by other means.

Let nothing which can be treated by diet be treated by other means.

चिकित्सक को केवल बीमारी का नहीं, बल्कि उससे पीड़ित रोगी का इलाज करना चाहिए।

The physician should not treat the disease but the patient who is suffering from it

The physician should not treat the disease but the patient who is suffering from it

इंसानों और अन्य जीव-जंतुओं के दर्द में कोई फर्क नहीं होता, क्योंकि माँ का अपने बच्चों के प्रति प्रेम और स्नेह तर्क से नहीं, बल्कि भावनाओं से पैदा होता है, और यह खूबी सिर्फ इंसानों में ही नहीं बल्कि अधिकांश जीवों में होती है।

There is no difference between the pain of humans and the pain of other living beings, since the love and tenderness of the mother for the young are not produced by reasoning, but by feeling, and this faculty exists not only in humans but in most living beings.

There is no difference between the pain of humans and the pain of other living beings, since the love and tenderness of the mother for the young are not produced by reasoning, but by feeling, and this faculty exists not only in humans but in most living beings.

गलत निर्णय लेने का जोखिम उठाना, निर्णय न ले पाने के डर से बेहतर है।

The risk of a wrong decision is preferable to the terror of indecision.

The risk of a wrong decision is preferable to the terror of indecision.

झूठ और अधर्म के साथ जीत हासिल करने से बेहतर है कि सच्चाई और नेकी के रास्ते पर चलकर हार मिल जाए।

Lose with truth and right rather than gain with falsehood and wrong.

Lose with truth and right rather than gain with falsehood and wrong.

प्रकृति के इस संसार में कुछ भी उद्देश्यहीन, तुच्छ या अनावश्यक नहीं है।

In the realm of Nature there is nothing purposeless, trivial, or unnecessary

In the realm of Nature there is nothing purposeless, trivial, or unnecessary

दान देने से कभी कोई गरीब नहीं होता।

Nobody is ever impoverished through the giving of charity.

Nobody is ever impoverished through the giving of charity.

दान की आठ सीढ़ियाँ होती हैं। सबसे ऊंची सीढ़ी वह है जब आप किसी को खुद की मदद करने योग्य बनाते हैं।

There are eight rungs in charity. The highest is when you help a man to help himself.

There are eight rungs in charity. The highest is when you help a man to help himself.

ईश्वर, जो हर अस्तित्व से पहले मौजूद हैं, वही हमारा आश्रय हैं।

God who preceded all existence is a refuge.

God who preceded all existence is a refuge.

चिकित्सकों के बीच यह बात सर्वविदित है कि सबसे पौष्टिक आहार वही है जिसे इस्लाम धर्म वर्जित मानता है, यानी मदिरा। इसमें बहुत गुण और हल्का पोषण होता है। यह तेजी से पचती है और दूसरे भोजन को पचाने में भी मदद करती है।

It is well known among physicians that the best of the nourishing foods is the one that the Moslem religion forbids, i.e., Wine. It contains much good and light nourishment. It is rapidly digested and helps to digest other foods.

It is well known among physicians that the best of the nourishing foods is the one that the Moslem religion forbids, i.e., Wine. It contains much good and light nourishment. It is rapidly digested and helps to digest other foods.

कई बार सच्चाई इतनी चमकती है कि वह दिन के उजाले जैसी साफ दिखाई देती है। लेकिन हमारा स्वभाव और आदतें हमारी समझ पर पर्दा डाल देते हैं, और हम फिर से लगभग पहले जितने ही घने अंधेरे में लौट जाते हैं। हमारी हालत उन लोगों जैसी होती है जो बिजली की बार-बार चमक देखने के बावजूद रात के सबसे घने अंधेरे में ही रहते हैं।

At times the truth shines so brilliantly that we perceive it as clear as day. Our nature and habit then draw a veil over our perception, and we return to a darkness almost as dense as before. We are like those who, though beholding frequent flashes of lightning, still find themselves in the thickest darkness of the night.

At times the truth shines so brilliantly that we perceive it as clear as day. Our nature and habit then draw a veil over our perception, and we return to a darkness almost as dense as before. We are like those who, though beholding frequent flashes of lightning, still find themselves in the thickest darkness of the night.

अच्छे स्वास्थ्य का उद्देश्य व्यक्ति को ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के योग्य बनाना है।

The goal of good health is to enable a person to acquire wisdom.

The goal of good health is to enable a person to acquire wisdom.

शराब की थोड़ी मात्रा—जैसे तीन या चार गिलास—इंसानों के स्वास्थ्य को बनाए रखने के लिए फायदेमंद है और अधिकांश बीमारियों के लिए एक बेहतरीन दवा है।

A small amount of wine such as three or four glasses is of benefit for the preservation of the health of human beings and an excellent remedy for most illnesses.

A small amount of wine such as three or four glasses is of benefit for the preservation of the health of human beings and an excellent remedy for most illnesses.

हर मूर्ख यही समझता है कि जो कुछ भी मौजूद है, वह केवल उसी के लिए मौजूद है; जैसे उसके अलावा इस दुनिया में और कुछ है ही नहीं। और अगर उसके साथ कुछ ऐसा हो जाता है जो उसकी इच्छा के विरुद्ध है, तो वह तुरंत यह फैसला सुना देता है कि इस दुनिया में सब कुछ बुरा ही बुरा है।

Every ignoramus imagines that all that exists, exists with a view to his individual sake; it is as if there were nothing that exists except him. And if something happens to him that is contrary to what he wishes, he makes the trenchant judgement that all that exists is an evil.

Every ignoramus imagines that all that exists, exists with a view to his individual sake; it is as if there were nothing that exists except him. And if something happens to him that is contrary to what he wishes, he makes the trenchant judgement that all that exists is an evil.

यह नहीं माना जाना चाहिए कि सभी जीव केवल इंसान के वजूद के लिए बने हैं। इसके विपरीत, बाकी सभी जीवों का अपना भी एक उद्देश्य है और वे किसी और के लिए नहीं, बल्कि अपने ही अस्तित्व के लिए बने हैं।

It should not be believed that all beings exist for the sake of the existence of man. On the contrary, all the other beings too have been intended for their own sakes and not for the sake of anything else.

It should not be believed that all beings exist for the sake of the existence of man. On the contrary, all the other beings too have been intended for their own sakes and not for the sake of anything else.

जो बात महान है, उसे किसी भी भाषा में कहा जा सकता है। और जो बात नीच या घटिया है, उसे किसी भी भाषा में नहीं कहा जाना चाहिए।

What is lofty can be said in any language. What is mean should be said in none.

What is lofty can be said in any language. What is mean should be said in none.

एक बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति किसी राजा की तुलना में राष्ट्र के लिए कहीं अधिक मूल्यवान संपत्ति होता है।

A wise man is a greater asset to a nation than a king.

A wise man is a greater asset to a nation than a king.

तीसरे प्रकार की बुराइयां वे हैं जो इंसान अपने ही कर्मों से खुद पर लाता है। यह सबसे बड़ा वर्ग है, और दूसरे वर्ग से कहीं अधिक बड़ा है। लोग खासतौर पर इन्हीं बुराइयों की शिकायत करते हैं—शायद ही कोई ऐसा व्यक्ति मिलेगा जो इस तरह की बुराई करके खुद अपना गुनहगार न बनता हो। ...इस तरह की बुराई इंसान की बुरी आदतों से पैदा होती है, जैसे खाने, पीने और प्रेम की अति; इन चीज़ों में हद से ज्यादा या गलत तरीके से लिप्त होना, या घटिया खाना खाना। यह आदत शरीर और आत्मा दोनों को बीमारियों और कष्टों में डाल देती है।

The third class of evils comprise those which everyone causes to himself by his own action. This is the largest class, and is far more numerous than the second class. It is especially of these evils that all men complain, - only few men are found that do not sin against themselves by this kind of evil. ...This class of evil originates in man's vices, such as excessive desire for eating, drinking, and love; indulgence in these things in undue measure, or in improper manner, or partaking of bad food. This course brings diseases and afflictions upon the body and soul alike.

The third class of evils comprise those which everyone causes to himself by his own action. This is the largest class, and is far more numerous than the second class. It is especially of these evils that all men complain, - only few men are found that do not sin against themselves by this kind of evil. ...This class of evil originates in man's vices, such as excessive desire for eating, drinking, and love; indulgence in these things in undue measure, or in improper manner, or partaking of bad food. This course brings diseases and afflictions upon the body and soul alike.

इंसान का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह बिना किसी इनाम की उम्मीद या सजा के डर के भी ईश्वर से प्रेम करे और उनसे डरे।

It is man's duty to love and to fear God, even without hope of reward or fear of punishment.

It is man's duty to love and to fear God, even without hope of reward or fear of punishment.

जो यह नहीं समझता कि एक मरा हुआ शेर किसी जीवित कुत्ते से कहीं अधिक बेहतर है, वह कुत्ता ही बनकर रह जाएगा।

He who does not understand that a dead lion is more alive than a living dog will remain a dog.

He who does not understand that a dead lion is more alive than a living dog will remain a dog.

बार-बार दोहराने से कोई सच बड़ा नहीं हो जाता।

A truth does not become greater by repetition.

A truth does not become greater by repetition.

धन के मामले में, अपने प्रति सख्त रहें और दूसरों के प्रति उदार रहें।

In finances, be strict with yourself, generous with others.

In finances, be strict with yourself, generous with others.

हम उन बुराइयों से पीड़ित होते हैं जो हम अपनी मर्जी से खुद पर लादते हैं और फिर उनका इल्जाम ईश्वर पर मढ़ देते हैं, जिनका इन चीज़ों से दूर-दूर तक कोई वास्ता नहीं है!

We suffer from the evils which we, by our own free will, inflict on ourselves and ascribe them to God, who is far from being connected with them!

We suffer from the evils which we, by our own free will, inflict on ourselves and ascribe them to God, who is far from being connected with them!

ज्योतिष कोई विज्ञान नहीं, बल्कि एक बीमारी है... यह एक ऐसा पेड़ है जिसकी छाँहर में हर तरह के अंधविश्वास पलते हैं।

Astrology is a sickness, not a science ... It is a tree under the shade of which all sorts of superstitions thrive.

Astrology is a sickness, not a science ... It is a tree under the shade of which all sorts of superstitions thrive.

ईश्वर की तुलना किसी से नहीं की जा सकती। इस बात को हमेशा याद रखिए।

God cannot be compared to anything. Note this.

God cannot be compared to anything. Note this.

जब मेरे सामने कोई कठिन विषय आता है - जब मुझे रास्ता संकरा लगता है, और किसी स्थापित सत्य को सिखाने का इसके सिवा कोई और उपाय नहीं दिखता कि मैं किसी एक समझदार व्यक्ति को खुश करूँ और दस हज़ार मूर्खों को नाराज़ करूँ - तो मैं उस एक व्यक्ति से बात करना पसंद करता हूँ, और भीड़ की निंदा की बिल्कुल परवाह नहीं करता; मैं उस समझदार व्यक्ति को उसकी उलझन से बाहर निकालना और उसकी परेशानी का कारण समझाना पसंद करता हूँ, ताकि वह पूर्णता प्राप्त कर सके और शांति पा सके।

When I have a difficult subject before me - when I find the road narrow, and can see no other way of teaching a well established truth except by pleasing one intelligent man and displeasing ten thousand fools - I prefer to address myself to the one man, and to take no notice whatever of the condemnation of the multitude; I prefer to extricate that intelligent man from his embarrassment and show him the cause of his perplexity, so that he may attain perfection and be at peace.

When I have a difficult subject before me - when I find the road narrow, and can see no other way of teaching a well established truth except by pleasing one intelligent man and displeasing ten thousand fools - I prefer to address myself to the one man, and to take no notice whatever of the condemnation of the multitude; I prefer to extricate that intelligent man from his embarrassment and show him the cause of his perplexity, so that he may attain perfection and be at peace.

जिसे भी कोई ज़िम्मेदारी सौंपी जाती है, वह एक फ़रिश्ता है।

Everyone entrusted with a mission is an angel.

Everyone entrusted with a mission is an angel.

जो बीमारी केवल खान-पान से ठीक हो सकती है, उसका इलाज किसी अन्य माध्यम से नहीं किया जाना चाहिए।

No disease that can be treated by diet should be treated with any other means.

No disease that can be treated by diet should be treated with any other means.

आत्मा भी स्वास्थ्य और बीमारी के अधीन है, बिल्कुल शरीर की तरह। दोनों का स्वास्थ्य और रोग... निस्संदेह उन विश्वासों और रीति-रिवाजों पर निर्भर करते हैं जो मनुष्यों में विशेष रूप से पाए जाते हैं।

The soul is subject to health and disease, just as is the body. The health and disease of both . . . undoubtedly depend upon beliefs and customs, which are peculiar to mankind.

The soul is subject to health and disease, just as is the body. The health and disease of both . . . undoubtedly depend upon beliefs and customs, which are peculiar to mankind.

गरीबी आने से पहले ही उसकी मदद करके दान का फर्ज निभाएं।

Anticipate charity by preventing poverty.

Anticipate charity by preventing poverty.

मनुष्य कुछ खास इच्छाओं, विचारों या धार्मिक सिद्धांतों के कारण एक-दूसरे को जो नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं, उन सभी बुराइयों की जड़ अज्ञानता है। [सारी नफरत खत्म हो जाएगी] जब इस धरती पर ईश्वर के ज्ञान की बाढ़ आ जाएगी।

All the evils that men cause to each other because of certain desires, or opinions or religious principles, are rooted in ignorance. [All hatred would come to an end] when the earth was flooded with the knowledge of God.

All the evils that men cause to each other because of certain desires, or opinions or religious principles, are rooted in ignorance. [All hatred would come to an end] when the earth was flooded with the knowledge of God.

दान देना तब सबसे ज़्यादा फलदायी और स्वीकार्य होता है जब दान देने वाला अपनी पहचान पूरी तरह गुप्त रखे।

Giving is most blessed and most acceptable when the donor remains completely anonymous.

Giving is most blessed and most acceptable when the donor remains completely anonymous.

किसी एक बेकसूर को सज़ा देने से बेहतर और संतोषजनक यह है कि हज़ारों गुनहगारों को बरी कर दिया जाए।

It is better and more satisfactory to acquit a thousand guilty persons than to put a single innocent one to death.

It is better and more satisfactory to acquit a thousand guilty persons than to put a single innocent one to death.

गरीबी आने से पहले ही मदद करके दान के फर्ज को पूरा करें; किसी ज़रूरतमंद इंसान की मदद करें—चाहे उसे कोई बड़ी भेंट या धन राशि देकर, या उसे कोई हुनर सिखाकर, या उसे किसी व्यापार में लगाकर ताकि वह ईमानदारी से अपनी आजीविका कमा सके और उसे भीख मांगने की लाचारी का सामना न करना पड़े। यह दान की सुनहरी सीढ़ी का सबसे ऊँचा पायदान और शिखर है।

Anticipate charity by preventing poverty; assist the reduced fellow man, either by a considerable gift or a sum of money or by teaching him a trade or by putting him in the way of business so that he may earn an honest livelihood and not be forced to the dreadful alternative of holding out his hand for charity. This is the highest step and summit of charity's golden ladder.

Anticipate charity by preventing poverty; assist the reduced fellow man, either by a considerable gift or a sum of money or by teaching him a trade or by putting him in the way of business so that he may earn an honest livelihood and not be forced to the dreadful alternative of holding out his hand for charity. This is the highest step and summit of charity's golden ladder.

जिस प्रकार व्यक्ति को अपने पिता का सम्मान और आदर करने का आदेश दिया गया है, उसी प्रकार वह अपने गुरु का भी आदर और सम्मान करने के लिए बाध्य है, और यह आदर पिता से भी अधिक होना चाहिए; क्योंकि पिता ने उसे इस दुनिया में जीवन दिया है, जबकि उसका गुरु उसे ज्ञान देता है और परलोक में उसके जीवन को सुरक्षित बनाता है।

Just as a person is commanded to honor and revere his father, so he is under an obligation to honor and revere his teacher, even to a greater extent than his father; for his father gave him life in this world, while his teacher instructs him in wisdom, secures for him life in the world to come.

Just as a person is commanded to honor and revere his father, so he is under an obligation to honor and revere his teacher, even to a greater extent than his father; for his father gave him life in this world, while his teacher instructs him in wisdom, secures for him life in the world to come.

जो चीज़ जीवित प्राणियों के लिए जितनी अधिक आवश्यक है, उतनी ही आसानी से मिलती है और उतनी ही सस्ती होती है; जो चीज़ जितनी कम आवश्यक होती है, उतनी ही दुर्लभ और महँगी होती है।

The more necessary a thing is for living beings, the more easily it is found and the cheaper it is; the less necessary it is, the rarer and dearer it is.

The more necessary a thing is for living beings, the more easily it is found and the cheaper it is; the less necessary it is, the rarer and dearer it is.

मैं पूरी निष्ठा के साथ विश्वास करता हूँ कि सृष्टिकर्ता, जिनका नाम पवित्र है, कोई शरीर नहीं हैं, और वे पदार्थ के सभी विकारों से मुक्त हैं, और उनका कोई भी रूप नहीं है।

I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, blessed be his name, is not a body, and that he is free from all accidents of matter, and that he has not any form whatsoever.

I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, blessed be his name, is not a body, and that he is free from all accidents of matter, and that he has not any form whatsoever.

अपनी बात पर दृढ़ रहें।

Hold firmly to your word.

Hold firmly to your word.

सबसे बड़ा रोग और गंभीर बुराई यह है कि मनुष्य किताबों में लिखी हर बात को सच मान लेता है—और तब तो और भी ज़्यादा जब किताबें पुरानी हों।

The great sickness and the grievous evil consist in this: that all the things that man finds written in books, he presumes to think of as true-and all the more so if the books are old.

The great sickness and the grievous evil consist in this: that all the things that man finds written in books, he presumes to think of as true-and all the more so if the books are old.

शुरुआत में हमें विषय को सरल बनाना होता है, जिससे अनजाने में ही वह गलत प्रतीत होने लगता है, और बाद में हमें उस गलत तरीके से सरल की गई शुरुआत को जटिल तर्कों से सुधारना पड़ता है।

In the beginning we must simplify the subject, thus unavoidably falsifying it, and later we must sophisticate away the falsely simple beginning.

In the beginning we must simplify the subject, thus unavoidably falsifying it, and later we must sophisticate away the falsely simple beginning.

इंसान को दुनिया को देखना चाहिए, और खुद को एक ऐसे तराजू के रूप में देखना चाहिए जिसमें अच्छे और बुरे का पलड़ा बराबर हो। जब वह कोई एक अच्छा काम करता है, तो अच्छे का पलड़ा भारी हो जाता है—वह और पूरी दुनिया बच जाती है। जब वह कोई एक बुरा काम करता है, तो बुरे का पलड़ा भारी हो जाता है—वह और पूरी दुनिया नष्ट हो जाती है।

One should see the world, and see himself as a scale with an equal balance of good and evil. When he does one good deed the scale is tipped to the good - he and the world is saved. When he does one evil deed the scale is tipped to the bad - he and the world is destroyed.

One should see the world, and see himself as a scale with an equal balance of good and evil. When he does one good deed the scale is tipped to the good - he and the world is saved. When he does one evil deed the scale is tipped to the bad - he and the world is destroyed.

चिकित्सा का पेशा कोई ऊन बुनने या हाथ की मेहनत का काम नहीं है, बल्कि यह आत्मा से प्रेरित, समझ से परिपूर्ण और गहरी सूझबूझ के उपहार से लैस होना चाहिए...

Medical practice is not knitting and weaving and the labor of the hands, but it must be inspired with soul and be filled with understanding and equipped with the gift of keen observation . . .

Medical practice is not knitting and weaving and the labor of the hands, but it must be inspired with soul and be filled with understanding and equipped with the gift of keen observation . . .

जो व्यक्ति अत्यधिक संभोग में डूबा रहता है, वह समय से पहले बूढ़ा होने लगेगा, उसकी ताकत कम होने लगी, उसकी आँखें कमज़ोर हो जाएँगी, उसके मुँह और बगल से दुर्गंध आने लगेगी, उसके दाँत गिरने लगेंगे और कई अन्य बीमारियाँ उसे घेर लेंगी।

He who immerses himself in sexual intercourse will be assailed by premature aging, his strength will wane, his eyes will weaken, and a bad odour will emit from his mouth and his armpits, his teeth will fall out and many other maladies will afflict him.

He who immerses himself in sexual intercourse will be assailed by premature aging, his strength will wane, his eyes will weaken, and a bad odour will emit from his mouth and his armpits, his teeth will fall out and many other maladies will afflict him.

आपका उद्देश्य... हमेशा उस पूरे ज्ञान को पाना होना चाहिए जिसे जानने का इरादा किया गया था।

Your purpose...should always be to know...the whole that was intended to be known.

Your purpose...should always be to know...the whole that was intended to be known.

अपने उद्देश्य के आधार पर कर्म चार श्रेणियों में बँटे होते हैं; वे या तो उद्देश्यहीन, महत्वहीन, व्यर्थ या फिर अच्छे होते हैं।

Actions are divided as regards their object into four classes; they are either purposeless , unimportant , or vain , or good .

Actions are divided as regards their object into four classes; they are either purposeless , unimportant , or vain , or good .

सच्चा बात चाहे कोई भी कहे, उसे सुनो।

Hear the truth from whomever says it

Hear the truth from whomever says it

जिस स्त्री ने किसी ऐसे पुरुष के साथ संबंध बनाए हों जिसका खतना न हुआ हो, उसके लिए उस पुरुष से अलग होना कठिन होता है। मेरी राय में, खतने के पीछे यही सबसे बड़ा कारण है।

It is hard for a woman with whom an uncircumcised man has had sexual intercourse to separate from him. In my opinion this is the strongest of the reasons for circumcision.

It is hard for a woman with whom an uncircumcised man has had sexual intercourse to separate from him. In my opinion this is the strongest of the reasons for circumcision.

मानव माता और पशु माता की अपने बच्चों को लेकर चिंता में कोई अंतर नहीं होता। माँ का प्यार बुद्धि से नहीं बल्कि भावनाओं से उपजा है, चाहे वह जानवर हो या इंसान।

There is no difference between the worry of a human mother and an animal mother for their offspring. A mother's love does not derive from the intellect but from the emotions, in animals just as in humans.

There is no difference between the worry of a human mother and an animal mother for their offspring. A mother's love does not derive from the intellect but from the emotions, in animals just as in humans.

यदि मनुष्यों के पास बुद्धि होती, जो मनुष्य के रूप से उसी प्रकार जुड़ी है जैसे आँख से दृष्टि, तो वे न तो खुद को और न ही दूसरों को कोई नुकसान पहुँचाते, क्योंकि सत्य का ज्ञान घृणा और झगड़ों को दूर करता है, और आपसी नुकसान को रोकता है।

If men possessed wisdom, which stands in the same relation to the form of man as the sight to the eye, they would not cause any injury to themselves or to others, for the knowledge of the truth removes hatred and quarrels, and prevents mutual injuries.

If men possessed wisdom, which stands in the same relation to the form of man as the sight to the eye, they would not cause any injury to themselves or to others, for the knowledge of the truth removes hatred and quarrels, and prevents mutual injuries.

यदि कोई व्यक्ति आवश्यकता से अधिक अध्ययन करता है और अपनी सोचने-समझने की शक्ति को थका देता है, तो वह भ्रमित हो जाएगा, और वह बात भी नहीं समझ पाएगा जो उसकी समझ के दायरे में थी। क्योंकि शरीर की सभी शक्तियाँ इस मामले में एक जैसी होती हैं।

If a person studies too much and exhausts his reflective powers, he will be confused, and will not be able to apprehend even that which had been within the power of his apprehension. For the powers of the body are all alike in this respect.

If a person studies too much and exhausts his reflective powers, he will be confused, and will not be able to apprehend even that which had been within the power of his apprehension. For the powers of the body are all alike in this respect.

अपने वर्तमान अनुभव की तुलना किसी बदतर स्थिति से करें, तो आप खुद को खुश और आकृत महसूस किए बिना नहीं रह पाएंगे क्योंकि... परेशानी से राहत मिलने का सुख, लगातार मिलने वाले सुख से कहीं अधिक आनंद देता है।

Contrast the experience with something worse and you cannot help feeling happy and grateful because... The change from trouble to comfort gives us more pleasure than uninterrupted comfort does.

Contrast the experience with something worse and you cannot help feeling happy and grateful because... The change from trouble to comfort gives us more pleasure than uninterrupted comfort does.

जो चीज़ इरादे से उत्पन्न होती है, वह अस्तित्वहीनता से अस्तित्व में आ जाती है।

That which is produced with intention has passed over from non-existence to existence.

That which is produced with intention has passed over from non-existence to existence.

यह बहुत बड़े लाभ की बात है कि मनुष्य अपनी स्थिति को समझे, और यह न सोचे कि यह पूरी सृष्टि केवल उसी के लिए बनी है।

It is of great advantage that man should know his station, and not imagine that the whole universe exists only for him.

It is of great advantage that man should know his station, and not imagine that the whole universe exists only for him.

ज्योतिष कोई कला नहीं, बल्कि एक बीमारी है।

Astrology is not an art, it is a disease.

Astrology is not an art, it is a disease.

यह मत सोचिए कि इनमें से सबसे कठिन समस्याओं को हम में से कोई भी पूरी तरह समझ सकता है।

Do not imagine that these most difficult problems can be thoroughly understood by any one of us.

Do not imagine that these most difficult problems can be thoroughly understood by any one of us.

आप ईश्वर की अपने जीवों पर दयालुता देखेंगे, कि कैसे उन्होंने आवश्यकतानुसार उचित मात्रा में सब कुछ प्रदान किया है और एक ही प्रजाति के सभी जीवों के साथ बिल्कुल एक जैसा न्याय किया है... क्योंकि यह उनकी महान और पूर्ण भलाई का कार्य है कि उन्होंने हमें जीवन दिया; और पशुओं में नियंत्रण करने वाली बुद्धि का सृजन उनके प्रति उनकी दया का प्रमाण है, जैसा कि हम दिखा चुके हैं।

You will see the mercy of God toward His creatures, how He has provided that which is required, in proper proportions, and treated all individual beings of the same species with perfect equality. ...for it is an act of great and perfect goodness that He gave us existence; and the creation of the controlling faculty in animals is a proof of His mercy towards them, as has been shown by us.

You will see the mercy of God toward His creatures, how He has provided that which is required, in proper proportions, and treated all individual beings of the same species with perfect equality. ...for it is an act of great and perfect goodness that He gave us existence; and the creation of the controlling faculty in animals is a proof of His mercy towards them, as has been shown by us.

ईश्वर का ज्ञान, विचारों का निर्माण, इच्छाओं और भावनाओं पर नियंत्रण, और क्या चुनने योग्य है और क्या त्यागने योग्य इसका भेद—इन सबकी प्राप्ति मनुष्य को उसके रूप के कारण ही होती है।

The knowledge of God, the formation of ideas, the mastery of desire and passion, the distinction between that which is to be chosen and that which is to be rejected, all these man owes to his form.

The knowledge of God, the formation of ideas, the mastery of desire and passion, the distinction between that which is to be chosen and that which is to be rejected, all these man owes to his form.

जो लोग परदेश में रहते हैं, वे वे सभी लोग हैं जिनका कोई धर्म नहीं है, न तो तर्क पर आधारित और न ही परंपरा से प्राप्त। ऐसे लोग उत्तर में घूमने वाले अतिवादी तुर्क, दक्षिण में रहने वाले कुशी और हमारे देश के ऐसे ही अन्य लोग हैं। मैं इन्हें तर्कहीन जीव मानता हूँ, मनुष्य नहीं; वे इंसानों से नीचे हैं, लेकिन बंदरों से ऊपर हैं, क्योंकि उनके पास इंसान का रूप और आकार है, और बंदर से बेहतर मानसिक क्षमता है।

The people who are abroad are all those that have no religion, neither one based on speculation nor one received by tradition. Such are the extreme Turks that wander about in the north, the Kushites who live in the south, and those in our country who are like these. I consider these as irrational beings, and not as human beings; they are below mankind, but above monkeys, since they have the form and shape of man, and a mental faculty above that of the monkey.

The people who are abroad are all those that have no religion, neither one based on speculation nor one received by tradition. Such are the extreme Turks that wander about in the north, the Kushites who live in the south, and those in our country who are like these. I consider these as irrational beings, and not as human beings; they are below mankind, but above monkeys, since they have the form and shape of man, and a mental faculty above that of the monkey.

मुझे अपनी कला और आपकी सृष्टि के प्रेम से भर दीजिए। पीड़ित व्यक्ति में मुझे केवल एक इंसान दिखने दीजिए।

Inspire me with love for my art and for thy creatures. In the sufferer let me see only the human being.

Inspire me with love for my art and for thy creatures. In the sufferer let me see only the human being.

ईश्वर अपने गुणों के साथ एक ही हैं, इसलिए यह कहा जा सकता है कि वही ज्ञान हैं, वही ज्ञानी हैं और वही ज्ञात हैं।

God is identical with His attributes, so that it may be said that He is the knowledge, the knower, and the known.

God is identical with His attributes, so that it may be said that He is the knowledge, the knower, and the known.

जबकि एक व्यक्ति किसी बात को खुद खोज सकता है, वहीं दूसरा व्यक्ति उसे कभी नहीं समझ सकता, भले ही उसे हरसंभव शब्दों और रूपकों के माध्यम से लंबी अवधि तक समझाया जाए; उसका मन उसे किसी भी तरह से नहीं समझ सकता, उसकी क्षमता इसके लिए अपर्याप्त है।

While one man can discover a certain thing by himself, another is never able to understand it, even if taught by means of all possible expressions and metaphors, and during a long period; his mind can in no way grasp it, his capacity is insufficient for it.

While one man can discover a certain thing by himself, another is never able to understand it, even if taught by means of all possible expressions and metaphors, and during a long period; his mind can in no way grasp it, his capacity is insufficient for it.

चूँकि आत्मा शरीर में निवास करने वाली एक शक्ति है, इसलिए यह कहा गया है कि आत्मा के गुण शरीर की स्थिति पर निर्भर करते हैं।

In so far as the soul is a force residing in the body; it has therefore been said that the properties of the soul depend of the condition of the body.

In so far as the soul is a force residing in the body; it has therefore been said that the properties of the soul depend of the condition of the body.

हम परोपकार की आज्ञा का पालन करने में किसी भी अन्य आज्ञा की तुलना में अधिक सतर्क रहने के लिए बाध्य हैं क्योंकि परोपकार एक धर्मी व्यक्ति की पहचान है।

We are obligated to be more scrupulous in fulfilling the commandment of charity than any other positive commandment because charity is the sign of a righteous man.

We are obligated to be more scrupulous in fulfilling the commandment of charity than any other positive commandment because charity is the sign of a righteous man.

खाने से पहले काम करें, खाने के बाद आराम करें। लालची होकर, बिना साँस छोड़े एक के बाद एक कौर मुँह में भरकर न खाएं।

Work before eating, rest after eating. Eat not ravenously, filling the mouth gulp after gulp without breathing space.

Work before eating, rest after eating. Eat not ravenously, filling the mouth gulp after gulp without breathing space.

जितना अधिक हम फालतू चीज़ों की इच्छा करते हैं, उतनी ही अधिक परेशानियों का सामना हमें करना पड़ता है; हमारी ताकत और संपत्ति अनावश्यक चीज़ों में खर्च हो जाती है, और जब आवश्यक चीज़ों की ज़रूरत होती है, तो उनकी कमी पड़ जाती है।

The more we desire for that which is superfluous, the more we meet with difficulties; our strength and possessions are spent in unnecessary things, and are wanting when required for that which is necessary.

The more we desire for that which is superfluous, the more we meet with difficulties; our strength and possessions are spent in unnecessary things, and are wanting when required for that which is necessary.

ईश्वर का सच्चा कार्य पूरी तरह से अच्छा है, क्योंकि यह अस्तित्व है।

The true work of God is all good, since it is existence.

The true work of God is all good, since it is existence.

परिणामस्वरूप जो व्यक्ति मानवीय पूर्णता को प्राप्त करना चाहता है, उसे पहले तर्कशास्त्र (लॉजिक) का अध्ययन करना चाहिए, फिर गणित की विभिन्न शाखाओं का उनके उचित क्रम में, फिर भौतिकी (फिजिक्स) का, और अंत में अध्यात्मशास्त्र (मेटाफिजिक्स) का अध्ययन करना चाहिए।

Consequently he who wishes to attain to human perfection, must therefore first study Logic, next the various branches of Mathematics in their proper order, then Physics, and lastly Metaphysics.

Consequently he who wishes to attain to human perfection, must therefore first study Logic, next the various branches of Mathematics in their proper order, then Physics, and lastly Metaphysics.

एक अज्ञानी व्यक्ति का मानना है कि पूरी सृष्टि केवल उसी के लिए है: जैसे कि किसी और चीज़ पर विचार करने की कोई ज़रूरत ही न हो। इसलिए, यदि उसके साथ उसकी उम्मीद के विपरीत कुछ होता है, तो वह तुरंत यह निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि पूरी दुनिया ही बुरी है। हालांकि, यदि वह पूरी सृष्टि पर विचार करे, उसकी एक कल्पना बनाए, और यह समझे कि वह इस ब्रह्मांड का कितना छोटा सा हिस्सा है, तो उसे सच्चाई का पता चल जाएगा। भविष्यवक्ताओं की पुस्तकों में कई ऐसे अंश हैं जो इसी विचार को व्यक्त करते हैं।

An ignorant man believes that the whole universe only exists for him: as if nothing else required any consideration. If, therefore, anything happens to him contrary to his expectation, he at once concludes that the whole universe is evil. If, however, he would take into consideration the whole universe, form an idea of it, and comprehend what a small portion he is of the Universe, he will find the truth. There are many ... passages in the books of the prophets expressing the same idea.

An ignorant man believes that the whole universe only exists for him: as if nothing else required any consideration. If, therefore, anything happens to him contrary to his expectation, he at once concludes that the whole universe is evil. If, however, he would take into consideration the whole universe, form an idea of it, and comprehend what a small portion he is of the Universe, he will find the truth. There are many ... passages in the books of the prophets expressing the same idea.

कोई भी रूप किसी पदार्थ में स्थायी रूप से नहीं रहता; निरंतर परिवर्तन होता रहता है, एक रूप हट जाता है और दूसरा आ जाता है।

No form remains permanently in a substance; a constant change takes place, one form is taken off and another is put on.

No form remains permanently in a substance; a constant change takes place, one form is taken off and another is put on.

दूसरी श्रेणी की बुराइयाँ वे हैं जो लोग एक-दूसरे को पहुँचाते हैं, जब, उदाहरण के लिए, उनमें से कुछ अपनी ताकत का इस्तेमाल दूसरों के खिलाफ करते हैं। ये बुराइयाँ पहली तरह की बुराइयों से अधिक हैं... ये भी हमीं से उत्पन्न होती हैं, हालाँकि पीड़ित व्यक्ति खुद उन्हें टाल नहीं सकता।

The second class of evils comprises such evils as people cause to each other, when, e.g. , some of them use their strength against others. These evils are more numerous than those of the first kind... they likewise originate in ourselves, though the sufferer himself cannot avert them.

The second class of evils comprises such evils as people cause to each other, when, e.g. , some of them use their strength against others. These evils are more numerous than those of the first kind... they likewise originate in ourselves, though the sufferer himself cannot avert them.

इस बात का यकीन रखिए कि यदि मनुष्य बिना शुरुआती तैयारियों के ही मंजिल तक पहुँच सकता, तो ऐसी तैयारियाँ तैयारी न होकर थकाऊ और पूरी तरह से बेकार होतीं।

Be convinced that, if man were able to reach the end without preparatory studies, such studies would not be preparatory but tiresome and utterly superfluous.

Be convinced that, if man were able to reach the end without preparatory studies, such studies would not be preparatory but tiresome and utterly superfluous.

मनुष्य के भीतर का शारीरिक तत्व एक बहुत बड़ा पर्दा और दीवार है जो उसे अमूर्त आदर्शों को पूरी तरह से देखने से रोकता है; यह तब भी होता यदि शारीरिक तत्व ग्रहों के सार जितना शुद्ध और श्रेष्ठ होता; तब तो यह और भी अधिक होना चाहिए जब हमारा शरीर इतना अंधकारमय और अपारदर्शी है। दिव्य स्वरूप या किसी भी आदर्श को समझने के लिए हमारे मन का प्रयास चाहे जितना भी महान हो, हम ईश्वर और हमारे बीच एक पर्दा और दीवार पाते हैं।

The corporeal element in man is a large screen and partition that prevents him from perfectly perceiving abstract ideals; this would be the case even if the corporeal element were as pure and superior as the substance of the spheres ; how much more must this be the case with our dark and opaque body. However great the exertion of our mind may be to comprehend the Divine Being or any of the ideals, we find a screen and partition between God and us.

The corporeal element in man is a large screen and partition that prevents him from perfectly perceiving abstract ideals; this would be the case even if the corporeal element were as pure and superior as the substance of the spheres ; how much more must this be the case with our dark and opaque body. However great the exertion of our mind may be to comprehend the Divine Being or any of the ideals, we find a screen and partition between God and us.

मेरे इस ग्रंथ को पढ़ते समय इस बात को ध्यान में रखें कि "विश्वास" से हमारा तात्पर्य केवल वही नहीं है जो होठों से बोला जाता है, बल्कि वह भी है जिसे आत्मा द्वारा समझा जाता है, यह दृढ़ विश्वास कि [विश्वास की] वस्तु वैसी ही है जैसी वह समझी जाती है। यदि वास्तविक या कल्पित सत्यों के मामले में, आप उन्हें बिना समझे या विश्वास किए केवल शब्दों में व्यक्त करने तक ही सीमित रहते हैं, खासकर यदि आप वास्तविक सत्य की तलाश नहीं करते हैं, तो आपके लिए यह बहुत आसान काम है जैसा कि, वास्तव में, आप कई अज्ञानियों को बिना किसी विचार के विश्वास की बातों का दावा करते हुए पाएंगे।

WHEN reading my present treatise, bear in mind that by "faith" we do not understand merely that which is uttered with the lips, but also that which is apprehended by the soul, the conviction that the object [of belief] is exactly as it is apprehended. If, as regards real or supposed truths, you content yourself with giving utterance to them in words, without apprehending them or believing in them, especially if you do not seek real truth, you have a very easy task as, in fact, you will find many ignorant people professing articles of faith without connecting any idea with them.

WHEN reading my present treatise, bear in mind that by "faith" we do not understand merely that which is uttered with the lips, but also that which is apprehended by the soul, the conviction that the object [of belief] is exactly as it is apprehended. If, as regards real or supposed truths, you content yourself with giving utterance to them in words, without apprehending them or believing in them, especially if you do not seek real truth, you have a very easy task as, in fact, you will find many ignorant people professing articles of faith without connecting any idea with them.

दार्शनिकों का यह भी मानना है कि प्रकृति में कुछ भी व्यर्थ नहीं है, इसलिए मानव उद्योग का उत्पादन न होने वाली हर चीज़ एक निश्चित उद्देश्य को पूरा करती है, जो हमारे लिए ज्ञात या अज्ञात हो सकता है।

The philosophers likewise assume that in Nature there is nothing in vain, so that everything that is not the product of human industry serves a certain purpose, which may be known or unknown to us.

The philosophers likewise assume that in Nature there is nothing in vain, so that everything that is not the product of human industry serves a certain purpose, which may be known or unknown to us.

यह सवाल कि, "इसका उद्देश्य क्या है?" किसी भी ऐसी चीज़ के बारे में नहीं पूछा जा सकता जो किसी कर्ता की रचना नहीं है; इसलिए हम यह नहीं पूछ सकते कि ईश्वर के अस्तित्व का उद्देश्य क्या है।

The question, "What is the purpose thereof?" cannot be asked about anything which is not the product of an agent; therefore we cannot ask what is the purpose of the existence of God.

The question, "What is the purpose thereof?" cannot be asked about anything which is not the product of an agent; therefore we cannot ask what is the purpose of the existence of God.

हालाँकि, जो व्यक्ति अध्यात्मशास्त्र (मेटाफिजिक्स) से शुरुआत करता है, वह न केवल धर्म के मामलों में भ्रमित होगा, बल्कि पूरी तरह से अधर्म (अविश्वासी) के गर्त में गिर जाएगा।

He, however, who begins with Metaphysics, will not only become confused in matters of religion, but will fall into complete infidelity.

He, however, who begins with Metaphysics, will not only become confused in matters of religion, but will fall into complete infidelity.

भविष्यवक्ताओं और ऋषियों का पूरा उद्देश्य यह घोषित करना था कि मानव तर्क की एक सीमा तय है जहाँ उसे रुक जाना चाहिए।

The whole object of the Prophets and the Sages was to declare that a limit is set to human reason where it must halt.

The whole object of the Prophets and the Sages was to declare that a limit is set to human reason where it must halt.

जो लोग यह मानते हैं कि... विस्तृत नियम किसी निश्चित कारण से उत्पन्न होते हैं, वे उतने ही सच्चाई से दूर हैं जितना कि वे जो यह मानते हैं कि पूरा कानून बेकार है।

Those who believe that... detailed rules originate in a certain cause, are as far from the truth as those who assume that the whole law is useless.

Those who believe that... detailed rules originate in a certain cause, are as far from the truth as those who assume that the whole law is useless.

जब हमें अपने ही स्वरूप का सही ज्ञान हो जाए और हम हर चीज़ के सच्चे स्वभाव को समझ लें, तो हमारा विश्वास यही होना चाहिए; हमें संतुष्ट रहना चाहिए, और उन चीज़ों के लिए एक निश्चित अंतिम कारण खोजने में अपना दिमाग परेशान नहीं करना चाहिए जिनका कोई कारण नहीं है, या जिनका अपने अस्तित्व के अलावा कोई अन्य अंतिम कारण नहीं है, जो ईश्वर की इच्छा पर निर्भर करता है, या यदि आप चाहें, तो दैवीय ज्ञान पर निर्भर करता है।

This must be our belief when we have a correct knowledge of our own self, and comprehend the true nature of everything; we must be content, and not trouble our mind with seeking a certain final cause for things that have none, or have no other final cause but their own existence, which depends on the Will of God, or, if you prefer, on the Divine Wisdom.

This must be our belief when we have a correct knowledge of our own self, and comprehend the true nature of everything; we must be content, and not trouble our mind with seeking a certain final cause for things that have none, or have no other final cause but their own existence, which depends on the Will of God, or, if you prefer, on the Divine Wisdom.

यदि कोई व्यक्ति अपनी पूरी क्षमता से अहंकार से बचता है और अत्यधिक विनम्र है, तो उसे संत कहा जाता है, और यही संतता का पैमाना है।

If one avoids haughtiness to the utmost extent and is exceedingly humble, he is termed a saint, and this is the standard of saintliness.

If one avoids haughtiness to the utmost extent and is exceedingly humble, he is termed a saint, and this is the standard of saintliness.

आप पाएंगे कि ब्रह्मांड के किसी भी हिस्से के संबंध में विचारों में कोई अन्य अंतर नहीं है, सिवाय इसके कि दार्शनिक ब्रह्मांड की नित्यता (अनंतता) में विश्वास करते हैं और हम सृष्टि में विश्वास करते हैं। इस बात पर गौर करें।

You will find that there is no other difference of opinion as regards any portions of the Universe, except that the philosophers believe in the Eternity of the Universe and we believe in the Creation. Note this.

You will find that there is no other difference of opinion as regards any portions of the Universe, except that the philosophers believe in the Eternity of the Universe and we believe in the Creation. Note this.

क्योंकि कहा गया है, "तुम अजनबी और अपने बीच रहने वाले निवासी को संबल देना और उसके साथ रहना," यानी, उसे तब तक संबल देना जब तक कि उसे समुदाय की दया पर निर्भर न रहना पड़े या किसी चीज़ की आवश्यकता न हो।

For it is said, "You shall strengthen the stranger and the dweller in your midst and live with him," that is to say, strengthen him until he needs no longer fall upon the mercy of the community or be in need.

For it is said, "You shall strengthen the stranger and the dweller in your midst and live with him," that is to say, strengthen him until he needs no longer fall upon the mercy of the community or be in need.

क्योंकि भगवान द्वारा, जो महान हैं, किसी भी कार्य के लिए नियुक्त की गई हर शक्ति के पीछे एक फरिश्ता (देवदूत) तैनात होता है।

For every force charged by God, may He be exalted, with some business is an angel put in charge.

For every force charged by God, may He be exalted, with some business is an angel put in charge.

गैलेन ने अपनी पुस्तक "द यूज़ ऑफ़ द लिंब्स" के तीसरे खंड में बिल्कुल सही कहा है कि मासिक धर्म वाली स्त्री के रक्त और पुरुष के वीर्य से ऐसे जीव बनने की उम्मीद करना व्यर्थ है जो मरेंगे नहीं, जिन्हें कभी दर्द महसूस नहीं होगा, जो हमेशा चलते रहेंगे, या सूरज की तरह चमकेंगे। गैलेन का यह कथन निम्नलिखित अधिक व्यापक सिद्धांत का हिस्सा है: पदार्थ से जो कुछ भी बनता है, उसे उस पदार्थ की प्रजाति में सबसे उत्तम संभव रूप प्राप्त होता है; प्रत्येक व्यक्तिगत मामले में कमियाँ उस व्यक्तिगत पदार्थ के अनुसार ही होती हैं।

Galen , in the third section of his book, "The Use of the Limbs," says correctly that it would be in vain to expect to see living beings formed of the blood of menstruous women and the semen virile, who will not die, will never feel pain, or will move perpetually, or shine like the sun. This dictum of Galen is part of the following more general proposition: Whatever is formed of matter receives the most perfect form possible in that species of matter; in each individual case the defects are in accordance with that individual matter.

Galen , in the third section of his book, "The Use of the Limbs," says correctly that it would be in vain to expect to see living beings formed of the blood of menstruous women and the semen virile, who will not die, will never feel pain, or will move perpetually, or shine like the sun. This dictum of Galen is part of the following more general proposition: Whatever is formed of matter receives the most perfect form possible in that species of matter; in each individual case the defects are in accordance with that individual matter.

शरीर में निवास करने वाली सभी शक्तियां फरिश्ते हैं।

All forces that reside in the body are angels.

All forces that reside in the body are angels.

जिसकी कोई शुरुआत नहीं है, उसके लिए किसी अंतिम कारण को तलाशने की आवश्यकता नहीं है।

For that which is without a beginning, a final cause need not be sought.

For that which is without a beginning, a final cause need not be sought.

यह जान लीजिए कि मानव मन के लिए कुछ ऐसी चीजें हैं जो उसकी प्रकृति और क्षमता के दायरे में आती हैं; दूसरी ओर, जो चीजें वास्तव में मौजूद हैं, उनमें से कुछ ऐसी हैं जिन्हें मन किसी भी तरह से और किसी भी हाल में समझ नहीं सकता: बोध के द्वार उसके लिए बंद हैं।

Know that for the human mind there are certain objects of perception which are within the scope of its nature and capacity; on the other hand, there are, amongst things which actually exist, certain objects which the mind can in no way and by no means grasp: the gates of perception are closed against it.

Know that for the human mind there are certain objects of perception which are within the scope of its nature and capacity; on the other hand, there are, amongst things which actually exist, certain objects which the mind can in no way and by no means grasp: the gates of perception are closed against it.

यहां तक कि जब किसी व्यक्ति को हाथ में कांटा चुभने के कारण पीड़ा होती है, और भले ही उसे तुरंत निकाल लिया जाए, तब भी यह उस पर थोपा गया एक दंड है, और उसे मिलने वाला कम से कम सुख भी एक पुरस्कार है; यह सब सख्त न्याय द्वारा तय किया जाता है; जैसा कि शास्त्र में कहा गया है, "उसके सभी मार्ग न्याय हैं" (व्यवस्थाविवरण xxxii. 4); हम केवल उस न्याय की कार्यप्रणाली से अनजान हैं।

Even when a person suffers pain in consequence of a thorn having entered into his hand, although it is at once drawn out, it is a punishment that has been inflicted on him, and the least pleasure he enjoys is a reward; all this is meted out by strict justice; as is said in the Scripture, "all His ways are judgement" (Deut. xxxii. 4); we are only ignorant of the working of that judgement.

Even when a person suffers pain in consequence of a thorn having entered into his hand, although it is at once drawn out, it is a punishment that has been inflicted on him, and the least pleasure he enjoys is a reward; all this is meted out by strict justice; as is said in the Scripture, "all His ways are judgement" (Deut. xxxii. 4); we are only ignorant of the working of that judgement.

तथाकथित बुराइयां केवल किसी निश्चित वस्तु के संबंध में बुराइयां होती हैं, और जो किसी मौजूदा वस्तु के संबंध में बुरी होती है, उसमें या तो उस वस्तु का अस्तित्वहीन होना शामिल होता है या उसकी कुछ अच्छी स्थितियों का अभाव होता है।

The so-called evils are evils only in relation to a certain thing, and that which is evil in relation to a certain existing thing, either includes the non-existence of that thing or the non-existence of some of its good conditions.

The so-called evils are evils only in relation to a certain thing, and that which is evil in relation to a certain existing thing, either includes the non-existence of that thing or the non-existence of some of its good conditions.

यह सर्वविज्ञात है कि एक ही प्रजाति के व्यक्ति इन संवेदनाओं और अन्य शारीरिक क्षमताओं में एक-दूसरे से कैसे आगे निकल जाते हैं, लेकिन इनकी एक सीमा होती है, और इनकी शक्ति हर दूरी या हर स्तर तक नहीं फैल सकती।

How individuals of the same species surpass each other in these sensations and in other bodily faculties is universally known, but there is a limit to them, and their power cannot extend to every distance or to every degree.

How individuals of the same species surpass each other in these sensations and in other bodily faculties is universally known, but there is a limit to them, and their power cannot extend to every distance or to every degree.

दैवीय कृपा (प्राविडेंस) के संबंध में चार अलग-अलग सिद्धांत हैं; ये सभी प्राचीन हैं, भविष्यवक्ताओं के समय से जाने जाते हैं, जब इन अंधेरे क्षेत्रों को रोशन करने के लिए सच्चा कानून प्रकट किया गया था।

There are four different theories concerning Divine Providence; they are all ancient, known from the time of the Prophets, when the true law was revealed to enlighten these dark regions.

There are four different theories concerning Divine Providence; they are all ancient, known from the time of the Prophets, when the true law was revealed to enlighten these dark regions.

यह तथ्य कि मनुष्य को सकारात्मक और निषेधात्मक दोनों तरह के कानून दिए गए थे, इस सिद्धांत का समर्थन करता है कि भविष्य की घटनाओं के बारे में ईश्वर का ज्ञान उनके स्वरूप को नहीं बदलता है। हमारे मन में जो बड़ी शंका पैदा होती है, वह हमारी बुद्धि की कमी का परिणाम है।

The fact that laws were given to man, both affirmative and negative, supports the principle, that God's knowledge of future events does not change their character. The great doubt that presents itself to our mind is the result of the insufficiency of our intellect.

The fact that laws were given to man, both affirmative and negative, supports the principle, that God's knowledge of future events does not change their character. The great doubt that presents itself to our mind is the result of the insufficiency of our intellect.

विद्वानों के शिष्यों का व्यावसायिक आचरण सच्चा और वफादार होता है.... वह खुद को जमानतदार या गारंटर नहीं बनने देता और पावर ऑफ ATTORNEY (मुख्तारनामा) स्वीकार नहीं करता.... वह पैसे उधार देता है और कृपालु होता है। वह अपने साथी मनुष्य का व्यवसाय नहीं छीनेगा।

The business conduct of the disciples of wise men is truthful and faithful.... He does not allow himself to be made a surety or a guarantor and does not accept the power of attorney.... He lends money and is gracious. He shall not take away business from his fellow man.

The business conduct of the disciples of wise men is truthful and faithful.... He does not allow himself to be made a surety or a guarantor and does not accept the power of attorney.... He lends money and is gracious. He shall not take away business from his fellow man.

मनुष्य के उन विचारों का भी यही हाल है जिनसे वह अपने बचपन से ही परिचित होता है; वह उन्हें पसंद करता है, उनका बचाव करता है, और इसके विपरीत विचारों से दूर भागता है।

The same is the case with those opinions of man to which he has been accustomed from his youth; he likes them, defends them, and shuns the opposite views.

The same is the case with those opinions of man to which he has been accustomed from his youth; he likes them, defends them, and shuns the opposite views.

नश्वर शरीर केवल अपने सार (सब्सटेंस) के माध्यम से विनाश के अधीन होते हैं, अपने रूप (फॉर्म) के माध्यम से नहीं, और न ही उनके रूप के सार को नष्ट किया जा सकता है; इस संबंध में वे स्थायी हैं।

Transient bodies are only subject to destruction through their substance and not through their form, nor can the essence of their form be destroyed; in this respect they are permanent.

Transient bodies are only subject to destruction through their substance and not through their form, nor can the essence of their form be destroyed; in this respect they are permanent.

दिव्य ज्ञान के अनुसार, उत्पत्ति केवल विनाश के माध्यम से ही हो सकती है।

In accordance with the divine wisdom, genesis can only take place through destruction.

In accordance with the divine wisdom, genesis can only take place through destruction.

यह संभव है कि हिब्रू में बुद्धि (विस्डम) का अर्थ रणनीतियों के लिए योग्यता और विचार के ऐसे अनुप्रयोग को दर्शाता है जिसके द्वारा रणनीतियों और चालों का उपयोग या तो तर्कसंगत या नैतिक गुणों को प्राप्त करने में, या व्यावहारिक कला में कौशल हासिल करने में, या बुराई और दुष्टता को अंजाम देने में किया जा सके।

It is possible that the meaning of wisdom in Hebrew indicates aptitude for stratagems and the application of thought in such a way that the stratagems and ruses may be used in achieving either rational or moral virtues, or in achieving skill in a practical art, or in working evil and wickedness.

It is possible that the meaning of wisdom in Hebrew indicates aptitude for stratagems and the application of thought in such a way that the stratagems and ruses may be used in achieving either rational or moral virtues, or in achieving skill in a practical art, or in working evil and wickedness.

ज्योतिष एक बीमारी है, कोई विज्ञान नहीं।

Astrology is a disease, not a science.

Astrology is a disease, not a science.

मूसा की व्यवस्था (कानून) द्वारा सिखाया गया एक अन्य मूलभूत सिद्धांत यह है: ईश्वर पर किसी भी तरह से अन्याय का आरोप नहीं लगाया जा सकता है; मनुष्य के सभी दुःख और कष्ट तथा सभी प्रकार के सुख, चाहे वे किसी व्यक्ति से संबंधित हों या किसी समुदाय से, न्याय के अनुसार वितरित किए जाते हैं; वे सख्त न्याय का परिणाम हैं जो किसी भी तरह के अन्याय की अनुमति नहीं देता है।

Another fundamental principle taught by the Law of Moses is this: Wrong cannot be ascribed to God in any way whatever; all evils and afflictions as well as all kinds of happiness of man, whether they concern one individual or a community, are distributed according to justice; they are the result of strict judgement that admits no wrong whatever.

Another fundamental principle taught by the Law of Moses is this: Wrong cannot be ascribed to God in any way whatever; all evils and afflictions as well as all kinds of happiness of man, whether they concern one individual or a community, are distributed according to justice; they are the result of strict judgement that admits no wrong whatever.

भविष्यवक्ताओं द्वारा कही गई हर बात को समझने और उसकी पूरी समझ हासिल करने की कुंजी रूपों, उनके सामान्य विचारों और उनमें मौजूद प्रत्येक शब्द के अर्थ के ज्ञान में पाई जाती है।

The key to the understanding and to the full comprehension of all that the Prophets have said is found in the knowledge of the figures, their general ideas, and the meaning of each word they contain.

The key to the understanding and to the full comprehension of all that the Prophets have said is found in the knowledge of the figures, their general ideas, and the meaning of each word they contain.

ईश्वर को अर्पित सभी गुण उसके कर्मों के गुण हैं, और इनका यह अर्थ नहीं है कि ईश्वर में कोई विशेष गुण हैं।

All attributes ascribed to God are attributes of His acts, and do not imply that God has any qualities.

All attributes ascribed to God are attributes of His acts, and do not imply that God has any qualities.

इसके अलावा, ऐसी चीजें हैं जिनका मन एक हिस्सा समझता है, लेकिन दूसरे से अनजान रहता है; और जब मनुष्य कुछ चीजों को समझने में सक्षम होता है, तो इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि उसे हर चीज को समझने में सक्षम होना ही चाहिए।

Further, there are things of which the mind understands one part, but remains ignorant of the other; and when man is able to comprehend certain things, it does not follow that he must be able to comprehend everything.

Further, there are things of which the mind understands one part, but remains ignorant of the other; and when man is able to comprehend certain things, it does not follow that he must be able to comprehend everything.

अजीब और अद्भुत अयूब की पुस्तक उसी विषय पर चर्चा करती है जिस पर हम चर्चा कर रहे हैं; इसकी सामग्री एक कल्पना है, जिसकी कल्पना लोगों द्वारा दैवीय कृपा पर रखे जाने वाले विभिन्न विचारों को समझाने के लिए की गई है। ...हालांकि, यह कल्पना अन्य कल्पनाओं से इस बात में भिन्न है कि इसमें गहरे विचार और महान रहस्य शामिल हैं, बड़ी शंकाओं को दूर करती है, और सबसे महत्वपूर्ण सच्चाइयों को उजागर करती है। मैं इस पर यथासंभव विस्तार से चर्चा करूंगा; और मैं आपको हमारे ऋषियों के वे शब्द भी बताऊंगा जिन्होंने मुझे इस महान कविता की व्याख्या करने का सुझाव दिया था।

The strange and wonderful Book of Job treats of the same subject as we are discussing; its contents are a fiction, conceived for the purpose of explaining the different opinions which people hold on Divine Providence. ...This fiction, however, is in so far different from other fictions that it includes profound ideas and great mysteries, removes great doubts, and reveals the most important truths. I will discuss it as fully as possible; and I will also tell you the words of our Sages that suggested to me the explanation of this great poem.

The strange and wonderful Book of Job treats of the same subject as we are discussing; its contents are a fiction, conceived for the purpose of explaining the different opinions which people hold on Divine Providence. ...This fiction, however, is in so far different from other fictions that it includes profound ideas and great mysteries, removes great doubts, and reveals the most important truths. I will discuss it as fully as possible; and I will also tell you the words of our Sages that suggested to me the explanation of this great poem.

मुतकालमिलिम... 'अस्तित्वहीनता' शब्द का प्रयोग केवल पूर्ण अस्तित्वहीनता के लिए करते हैं, गुणों की अनुपस्थिति के लिए नहीं। किसी गुण और उस गुण की अनुपस्थिति को वे दो विपरीत मानते हैं, उदाहरण के लिए, वे अंधेपन और दृष्टि, मृत्यु और जीवन को, वैसे ही मानते हैं जैसे गर्मी और ठंड को। इसलिए वे बिना किसी शर्त के कहते हैं कि अस्तित्वहीनता के लिए किसी कर्ता की आवश्यकता नहीं होती, कर्ता की आवश्यकता तब होती है जब किसी वस्तु का उत्पादन किया जाता है।

The Mutakallemim... apply the term non-existence only to absolute non-existence, and not to absence of properties. A property and the absence of that property are considered by them as two opposites, they treat, e.g. , blindness and sight, death and life, in the same way as heat and cold. Therefore they say, without any qualification, non-existence does not require any agent, an agent is required when something is produced.

The Mutakallemim... apply the term non-existence only to absolute non-existence, and not to absence of properties. A property and the absence of that property are considered by them as two opposites, they treat, e.g. , blindness and sight, death and life, in the same way as heat and cold. Therefore they say, without any qualification, non-existence does not require any agent, an agent is required when something is produced.

अब मुझे आश्चर्य है कि जो लोग ईश्वर के ज्ञान का वर्णन करते हैं, उनके अनुसार हमारे ज्ञान में और ईश्वर के ज्ञान में क्या समानता है... क्या इसके और हमारे बीच केवल नाम के अलावा कुछ और भी सामान्य है? ...उसके ज्ञान और हमारे ज्ञान में एक मौलिक अंतर है, ठीक वैसे ही जैसे आकाश के सार और पृथ्वी के सार में अंतर होता है।

Now I wonder what our knowledge has in common with God's knowledge according to those who treat God's knowledge... Is there anything else common to both besides the mere name? ...there is an essential distinction between His knowledge and ours, like the distinction between the substance of the heavens and that of the earth.

Now I wonder what our knowledge has in common with God's knowledge according to those who treat God's knowledge... Is there anything else common to both besides the mere name? ...there is an essential distinction between His knowledge and ours, like the distinction between the substance of the heavens and that of the earth.

पूर्ण कानून के उद्देश्यों की समग्रता में इच्छाओं का यथासंभव त्याग, अवमूल्यन और संयम शामिल है।

To the totality of purposes of the perfect Law there belong the abandonment, depreciation, and restraint of desires in so far as possible.

To the totality of purposes of the perfect Law there belong the abandonment, depreciation, and restraint of desires in so far as possible.

ज्योतिष एक बीमारी है, कोई विज्ञान नहीं... यह एक ऐसा पेड़ है जिसकी छाया में हर तरह के अंधविश्वास पनपते हैं। ...केवल मूर्ख और पाखंडी ही इसे महत्व देते हैं।

Astrology is a disease, not a science... It is a tree under the shadow of which all sorts of superstitions thrive. ... Only fools and charlatans lend value to it.

Astrology is a disease, not a science... It is a tree under the shadow of which all sorts of superstitions thrive. ... Only fools and charlatans lend value to it.

मनुष्य की कमियों और पापों का कारण उसके शरीर का पदार्थ (सब्सटेंस) है न कि उसका रूप (फॉर्म); जबकि उसकी सभी खूबियां पूरी तरह से उसके रूप के कारण होती हैं।

Man's shortcomings and sins are all due to the substance of the body and not to its form; while all his merits are exclusively due to his form.

Man's shortcomings and sins are all due to the substance of the body and not to its form; while all his merits are exclusively due to his form.

यह कोई गलत या अन्याय नहीं है कि एक व्यक्ति के पास बेहतरीन गंधरस (मिश्र) के कई थैले और सोने से कढ़ाई किए गए वस्त्र हैं, जबकि दूसरे के पास वे चीजें नहीं हैं, जो हमारे भरण-पोषण के लिए आवश्यक नहीं हैं; जिसके पास वे हैं उसने इसके माध्यम से ऐसी किसी भी चीज पर नियंत्रण प्राप्त नहीं किया है जो उसकी प्रकृति में कोई आवश्यक वृद्धि हो सके, बल्कि उसने केवल कुछ भ्रामक या छल्लावा प्राप्त किया है... यह हर समय और हर जगह का नियम है; असाधारण मामलों पर ध्यान नहीं दिया जाना चाहिए, जैसा कि हमने बताया है।

It is no wrong or injustice that one has many bags of the finest myrrh and garments embroidered with gold, while another has not those things, which are not necessary for our maintenance; he who has them has not thereby obtained control over anything that could be an essential addition to his nature, but has only obtained something illusory or deceptive. ...This is the rule at all times and in all places; no notice should be taken of exceptional cases, as we have explained.

It is no wrong or injustice that one has many bags of the finest myrrh and garments embroidered with gold, while another has not those things, which are not necessary for our maintenance; he who has them has not thereby obtained control over anything that could be an essential addition to his nature, but has only obtained something illusory or deceptive. ...This is the rule at all times and in all places; no notice should be taken of exceptional cases, as we have explained.

यह मानना ​​अनुचित नहीं है कि ईश्वर के कार्य, उनका अस्तित्व और पूर्ववर्ती अस्तित्वहीनता, उनकी बुद्धिमत्ता का परिणाम हैं, लेकिन हम उसकी कृतियों में उसकी बुद्धिमत्ता के कई तरीकों को समझने में असमर्थ हैं। इसी सिद्धांत पर मूसा का पूरा कानून आधारित है; इसकी शुरुआत इस सिद्धांत से होती है: "और परमेश्वर ने जो कुछ बनाया था, देखा, और वह बहुत अच्छा था" (उत्पत्ति i. 31); और इसका अंत इस सिद्धांत पर होता है: "वह चट्टान है, उसका काम सिद्ध है" (व्यवस्थाविवरण xxxii. 4)। इसे नोट कर लें।

It is not unreasonable to assume that the works of God, their existence and preceding non-existence, are the result of His wisdom, but we are unable to understand many of the ways of His Wisdom in His works. On this principle the whole Law of Moses is based; it begins with this principle: "And God saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very good" (Gen. i. 31); and it ends with this principle: "The Rock, perfect is His work" (Deut. xxxii. 4). Note it.

It is not unreasonable to assume that the works of God, their existence and preceding non-existence, are the result of His wisdom, but we are unable to understand many of the ways of His Wisdom in His works. On this principle the whole Law of Moses is based; it begins with this principle: "And God saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very good" (Gen. i. 31); and it ends with this principle: "The Rock, perfect is His work" (Deut. xxxii. 4). Note it.

जो लोग दुखी हैं वे रोकर और अपने दुःख को जागृत करके तब तक सांत्वना पाते हैं जब तक कि शरीर आंतरिक भावनाओं को सहन करने से थक नहीं जाता।

Those who grieve find comfort in weeping and in arousing their sorrow until the body is too tired to bear the inner emotions.

Those who grieve find comfort in weeping and in arousing their sorrow until the body is too tired to bear the inner emotions.

मुझे शास्त्र के विभिन्न अंशों में यह व्यक्त हुआ मिलता है कि यह तथ्य कि ईश्वर संभावना की स्थिति में चीजों को जानता है, जब उनका अस्तित्व भविष्य का होता है, तो वह किसी भी तरह से संभावना के स्वभाव को नहीं बदलता है; वह स्वभाव अपरिवर्तित रहता है; और कई संभावनाओं में से किसी एक के साकार होने का ज्ञान उस साक्षात्करण को प्रभावित नहीं करता है। यह भी मूसा के कानून के मूलभूत सिद्धांतों में से एक है जिसके बारे में कोई संदेह या कोई विवाद नहीं है।

I find it expressed in various passages of Scripture that the fact that God knows things while in a state of possibility, when their existence belongs to the future, does not change the nature of the possible in any way; that nature remains unchanged; and the knowledge of the realisation of one of several possibilities does not yet effect that realisation. This is likewise one of the fundamental principles of the Law of Moses concerning which there is no doubt nor any dispute.

I find it expressed in various passages of Scripture that the fact that God knows things while in a state of possibility, when their existence belongs to the future, does not change the nature of the possible in any way; that nature remains unchanged; and the knowledge of the realisation of one of several possibilities does not yet effect that realisation. This is likewise one of the fundamental principles of the Law of Moses concerning which there is no doubt nor any dispute.

अज्ञानी की भूल इस हद तक है कि वह यह कहता है कि ईश्वर की शक्ति अपर्याप्त है, क्योंकि उसने इस ब्रह्मांड को वे गुण दिए हैं जिन्हें वे इन बड़ी बुराइयों का कारण मानते हैं, और जो सभी बुरी प्रवृत्ति वाले लोगों को उनकी इच्छित बुराई प्राप्त करने और उनकी दुष्ट आत्माओं को उनकी इच्छाओं के लक्ष्य तक पहुँचाने में मदद नहीं करते हैं, हालांकि ये, जैसा कि हमने दिखाया है, वास्तव में असीम हैं।

The error of the ignorant goes so far as to say that God's power is insufficient, because he has given to this Universe the properties which they imagine cause these great evils, and which do not help all evil-disposed persons to obtain the evil which they seek, and to bring their evil souls to the aim of their desires, though these, as we have shown, are really without limit.

The error of the ignorant goes so far as to say that God's power is insufficient, because he has given to this Universe the properties which they imagine cause these great evils, and which do not help all evil-disposed persons to obtain the evil which they seek, and to bring their evil souls to the aim of their desires, though these, as we have shown, are really without limit.

جو انسان یہ سوچتا ہے کہ وہ کسی بیرونی اثر یا مادے کے حادثات سے بے پروا ہو کر گوشت پوست کا وجود رکھ سکتا ہے، وہ انجانے میں دو متضاد باتوں کو ایک ساتھ جوڑنا چاہتا ہے—یعنی ایک ہی وقت میں تبدیل ہونے والا بھی رہنا اور تبدیل نہ ہونے والا بھی۔ اگر انسان کبھی بھی تبدیلی کے زیرِ اثر نہ ہوتا تو کوئی پیدائش نہ ہوتی؛ پھر کائنات میں بس ایک ہی وجود ہوتا، اور کوئی الگ الگ افراد نہ ہوتے جو کسی نوع کی تشکیل کرتے ہیں۔

He who thinks he can have flesh and bones without being subject to any external influence, or any accidents of matter, unconsciously wishes to reconcile two opposites, viz., to be at the same time subject and not subject to change. If man were never subject to change there could be no generation; there would be one single being, but no individuals forming a species.

He who thinks he can have flesh and bones without being subject to any external influence, or any accidents of matter, unconsciously wishes to reconcile two opposites, viz., to be at the same time subject and not subject to change. If man were never subject to change there could be no generation; there would be one single being, but no individuals forming a species.

وہ ہستی جس کا وجود مطلق ہے، جو ہمیشہ سے ہے اور ہمیشہ رہے گی، اسے کسی نگران یا واسطے کی کوئی ضرورت نہیں۔

The being which has absolute existence, which has never been and will never be without existence, is not in need of an agent.

The being which has absolute existence, which has never been and will never be without existence, is not in need of an agent.

دوی مشیت کا تعلق الٰہی فکری فیضان سے ہوتا ہے، اور جو مخلوقات اس فیضان سے فیضیاب ہو کر صاحبِ عقل بنتی ہیں اور عقلی باتوں کو سمجھنے کے لائق ہوتی ہیں، وہ الٰہی مشیت کے دائرے میں بھی آتی ہیں، جو ان کے ہر عمل کا حساب رکھتی ہے تاکہ انہیں ان کے اچھے یا برے اعمال کا بدلہ یا سزا دی جا سکے... ایک ایسا طریقہ جسے سمجھنے سے ہماری عقل قاصر ہے۔

Divine Providence is connected with Divine intellectual influence, and the same beings which are benefited by the latter so as to become intellectual, and to comprehend things comprehensible to rational beings, are also under the control of Divine Providence, which examines all their deeds with a view of rewarding or punishing them. ...the method of which our mind is incapable of understanding.

Divine Providence is connected with Divine intellectual influence, and the same beings which are benefited by the latter so as to become intellectual, and to comprehend things comprehensible to rational beings, are also under the control of Divine Providence, which examines all their deeds with a view of rewarding or punishing them. ...the method of which our mind is incapable of understanding.

عناصر کی یہ فطرت ہوتی ہے کہ وہ سیدھی لکیر میں اپنی اصل جگہ کی طرف واپس لوٹتے ہیں، لیکن ان میں ایسی کوئی صفت نہیں ہوتی جو انہیں وہیں روکے رکھے یا سیدھی لکیر کے علاوہ کسی اور راستے پر چلائے۔ جب یہ چاروں عناصر اپنی اصل جگہ کی طرف لوٹتے ہیں تو ان کی سیدھی حرکتیں دو قسم کی ہوتی ہیں: یا تو مرکز سے دور جانے والی، یعنی ہوا اور آگ کی حرکت؛ یا مرکز کی طرف آنے والی، یعنی زمین اور پانی کی حرکت؛ اور جب یہ عناصر اپنی اصل جگہ پہنچ جاتے ہیں تو وہیں ساکت ہو جاتے ہیں۔

For the elements have the property of moving back to their place in a straight line, but they have no properties which would cause them to remain where they are, or to move otherwise than in a straight line. The rectilinear motions of these four elements when returning to their original place are of two kinds, either centrifugal, viz., the motion of the air and the fire; or centripedal, viz., the motion of the earth, and the water; and when the elements have reached their original place, they remain at rest.

For the elements have the property of moving back to their place in a straight line, but they have no properties which would cause them to remain where they are, or to move otherwise than in a straight line. The rectilinear motions of these four elements when returning to their original place are of two kinds, either centrifugal, viz., the motion of the air and the fire; or centripedal, viz., the motion of the earth, and the water; and when the elements have reached their original place, they remain at rest.

نبی یسعیاہ... اس تبدیلی کی وجہ کی طرف اشارہ کرتے ہوئے فرماتے ہیں کہ نفرت، عداوت اور جنگیں ختم ہو جائیں گی، کیونکہ لوگوں کو خدا کا سچا علم حاصل ہو جائے گا۔ "وہ میرے پورے کوہِ مقدس پر نہ کسی کو نقصان پہنچائیں گے اور نہ ہلاک کریں گے؛ کیونکہ زمین خداوند کے علم سے اس طرح بھر جائے گی جیسے سمندر کا پانی اسے ڈھانپ لیتا ہے" (یسعیاہ باب ۱۱، آیت ۹)۔ اس بات کو گرہ باندھ لیں۔

The prophet Isaiah ... points out what will be the cause of this change; for he says that hatred, quarrel, and fighting will come to an end, because men will have a true knowledge of God. "They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters which cover the sea" (Isa. xi. ver. 9) Note it.

The prophet Isaiah ... points out what will be the cause of this change; for he says that hatred, quarrel, and fighting will come to an end, because men will have a true knowledge of God. "They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters which cover the sea" (Isa. xi. ver. 9) Note it.

مادی عنصر کا یہ وجود، گو کہ حقیقت میں ادنیٰ ہے کیونکہ یہ موت اور تمام برائیوں کی جڑ ہے، پھر بھی کائنات کے استحکام اور نظامِ قدرت کے تسلسل کے لیے یکساں طور پر اچھا ہے، تاکہ ایک چیز رخصت ہو اور اس کی جگہ دوسری لے آئے۔

Even the existence of this corporeal element, low as it in reality is, because it is the source of death and all evils, is likewise good for the permanence of the Universe and the continuation of the order of things, so that one thing departs and the other succeeds.

Even the existence of this corporeal element, low as it in reality is, because it is the source of death and all evils, is likewise good for the permanence of the Universe and the continuation of the order of things, so that one thing departs and the other succeeds.

پہلا نظریہ: کائنات میں کسی چیز کے لیے کوئی مشیتِ الٰہی نہیں ہے؛ کائنات کے تمام حصے، آسمان اور جو کچھ ان میں ہے، سب اتفاق اور حادثات کا نتیجہ ہیں؛ یہاں کوئی ایسی ہستی موجود نہیں جو ان پر حکومت کرے، ان کا انتظام سنبھالے یا ان کی دیکھ بھال کرے۔ یہ ایپیکیورس کا نظریہ ہے۔

First Theory . There is no Providence at all for anything in the Universe; all parts of the Universe, the heavens and what they contain, owe their origin to accident and chance; there exists no being that rules and governs them or provides for them. This is the theory of Epicurus.

First Theory . There is no Providence at all for anything in the Universe; all parts of the Universe, the heavens and what they contain, owe their origin to accident and chance; there exists no being that rules and governs them or provides for them. This is the theory of Epicurus.

یسعیاہ کے زمانے کے لوگوں کو کسی تفصیلی وضاحت کی ضرورت نہیں تھی؛ ان کے لیے بس اتنا ہی بیان کافی تھا کہ "میں نے خداوند کو دیکھا" وغیرہ۔ اس کے برعکس، بابل کی اسیری کے دور کے لوگوں کو ہر ایک بات تفصیل سے جاننے کی خواہش تھی۔... یسعیاہ اس حقیقت سے اتنے مانوس تھے کہ انہوں نے اسے ایک نئی بات کے طور پر دوسروں تک پہنچانا ضروری نہیں سمجھا، خصوصاً اس لیے کہ باشعور لوگ اسے پہلے ہی اچھی طرح جانتے تھے۔

The generation of Isaiah did not require the detailed description; his account, "I saw the Lord," &c., sufficed. The generation of the Babylonian exile wanted to learn all the details. ...Isaiah was so familiar with it that he did not consider it necessary to communicate it to others as a new thing, especially as it was well known to the intelligent.

The generation of Isaiah did not require the detailed description; his account, "I saw the Lord," &c., sufficed. The generation of the Babylonian exile wanted to learn all the details. ...Isaiah was so familiar with it that he did not consider it necessary to communicate it to others as a new thing, especially as it was well known to the intelligent.

خلاصہ یہ ہے: میں وہ شخص ہوں کہ جب حالات نے مجھے گھیر لیا، میرے لیے راہیں تنگ ہو گئیں اور اس کے سوا کوئی چارہ نہ رہا کہ کسی برحق اور ثابت شدہ حقیقت کو سکھانے کا واحد طریقہ یہی ہو کہ میں دس ہزار جاہلوں کو ناراض کر کے کسی ایک ہی سچے اور نیک انسان کو مطمئن کر دوں—تو میں اسی ایک انسان سے مخاطب ہونا پسند کرتا ہوں اور ان بے شمار لوگوں کی طعنہ زنی کی پروا نہیں کرتا۔

To sum up: I am the man who when the concern pressed him and his way was straitened and he could find no other device by which to teach a demonstrable truth other than by giving satisfaction to a single virtuous man while displeasing ten thousand ignoramuses - I am he who prefers to address that single man by himself, and I do not heed the blame of those many creatures.

To sum up: I am the man who when the concern pressed him and his way was straitened and he could find no other device by which to teach a demonstrable truth other than by giving satisfaction to a single virtuous man while displeasing ten thousand ignoramuses - I am he who prefers to address that single man by himself, and I do not heed the blame of those many creatures.

الٰہی حکمت کے عین مطابق، نئی تخلیق صرف فنا کے ذریعے ہی ممکن ہے، اور اگر نوع کے انفرادی افراد فنا نہ ہوں تو خود انواع کا بقا بھی ممکن نہ رہے۔ یوں خدا کی سچی شفقت، فیض اور نیکی بالکل واضح ہو جاتی ہے۔

In accordance with the divine wisdom, genesis can only take place through destruction, and without destruction of the individual members of the species the species themselves would not exist permanently. Thus the true kindness, and beneficence, and goodness of God is clear.

In accordance with the divine wisdom, genesis can only take place through destruction, and without destruction of the individual members of the species the species themselves would not exist permanently. Thus the true kindness, and beneficence, and goodness of God is clear.

یہ بات جان لیں کہ وہ الجھنیں جو اس سوال پر پیدا ہوتی ہیں کہ کائنات یا اس کے کسی حصے کا مقصد کیا ہے، بنیادی طور پر دو وجوہات کی بنا پر ہیں: اول یہ کہ انسان اپنے بارے میں غلط فہمی کا شکار ہے اور یہ سمجھتا ہے کہ یہ پوری دنیا صرف اسی کے لیے بنی ہے؛ دوم یہ کہ وہ نہ تو اس پست دنیا کی حقیقت سے واقف ہے اور نہ ہی خالق کے اس ارادہِ عام سے جس کے تحت اس نے ہر اس ممکنہ مخلوق کو وجود بخشا جس کا وجود میں آنا ممکن تھا، کیونکہ وجود کا ہونا بذاتِ خود ایک سراپا خیر بات ہے۔

Know that the difficulties which lead to confusion in the question what is the purpose of the Universe or of any of its parts, arise from two causes: first, man has an erroneous idea of himself, and believes that the whole world exists only for his sake; secondly, he is ignorant both about the nature of the sublunary world, and about the Creator's intention to give existence to all beings whose existence is possible, because existence is undoubtedly good.

Know that the difficulties which lead to confusion in the question what is the purpose of the Universe or of any of its parts, arise from two causes: first, man has an erroneous idea of himself, and believes that the whole world exists only for his sake; secondly, he is ignorant both about the nature of the sublunary world, and about the Creator's intention to give existence to all beings whose existence is possible, because existence is undoubtedly good.

تدبیر [مشیت]، علم اور ارادہ جیسے الفاظ جب ہمارے لیے بولے جاتے ہیں تو ان کے معنی اور ہوتے ہیں اور جب خدا کی نسبت سے کہے جاتے ہیں تو ان کے معنی بالکل الگ ہوتے ہیں۔

Management [ Providence ], knowledge, and intention are not the same when ascribed to us and when ascribed to God.

Management [ Providence ], knowledge, and intention are not the same when ascribed to us and when ascribed to God.

پہلی قسم کی برائی وہ ہے جو انسان کو اس حقیقت کی وجہ سے پہنچتی ہے کہ وہ فنا پذیر ہے یا یہ کہ وہ ایک مادی جسم رکھتا ہے۔

The first kind of evil is that which is caused to man by the circumstance that he is subject to genesis and destruction, or that he possesses a body.

The first kind of evil is that which is caused to man by the circumstance that he is subject to genesis and destruction, or that he possesses a body.

اليفز نے کبھی اس عقّم یقین کو نہیں چھوڑا کہ انسان کی تقدیر اس کے اعمالِ عدل کا نتیجہ ہے، کہ ہم اپنی تمام کوتاہیوں سے واقف نہیں ہوتے جن کی پاداش میں ہمیں سجا دی جاتی ہے، اور نہ ہی ہم اس طریقے کو جانتے ہیں جس کے ذریعے ہم ان کوتاہیوں کی وجہ سے عذاب کا شکار ہوتے ہیں۔

Eliphas never abandoned his belief that the fate of man is the result of justice, that we do not know all our shortcomings for which we are punished, nor the way how we incur the punishment through them.

Eliphas never abandoned his belief that the fate of man is the result of justice, that we do not know all our shortcomings for which we are punished, nor the way how we incur the punishment through them.

انبیاء کرام تو اس بات پر بھی حیرت کا اظہار کرتے ہیں کہ خدا انسان جیسی حقیر اور معمولی مخلوق کی پروا کرتا ہے جو خالق کی توجہ کے لائق بھی نہیں؛ تو پھر دیگر جانداروں کو خدا کی مشیت کا مستحق کیسے سمجھا جا سکتا ہے!

The Prophets even express their surprise that God should take notice of man, who is too little and too unimportant to be worthy of the attention of the Creator; how, then, should other living creatures be considered as proper objects for Divine Providence!

The Prophets even express their surprise that God should take notice of man, who is too little and too unimportant to be worthy of the attention of the Creator; how, then, should other living creatures be considered as proper objects for Divine Providence!

اگر آپ دنیا اور مشیتِ الٰہی کے اصل تعلق کو ویسا ہی سمجھنا چاہتے ہیں جیسی وہ حقیقت میں ہے نہ کہ تخیلات کی حد تک، تو آپ کو علمِ فلکیات اور طبیعیات کے مطالعے کی ضرورت پر ذرا بھی شک نہیں ہوگا۔

You will certainly not doubt the necessity of studying astronomy and physics, if you are desirous of comprehending the relation between the world and Providence as it is in reality, and not according to imagination.

You will certainly not doubt the necessity of studying astronomy and physics, if you are desirous of comprehending the relation between the world and Providence as it is in reality, and not according to imagination.

چنانچہ یہ ضروری ہے کہ ہر چیز کا مشاہدہ اس کی اصل ماہیت کی بنیاد پر کیا جائے، اور ہر نوع سے ایسے سچے اور ٹھوس اصول اخذ کیے جائیں جو مابعدالطبیعیات کے مسائل کو حل کرنے میں ہماری مدد کر سکیں۔

It is thus necessary to examine all things according to their essence, to infer from every species such true and well established propositions as may assist us in the solution of metaphysical problems.

It is thus necessary to examine all things according to their essence, to infer from every species such true and well established propositions as may assist us in the solution of metaphysical problems.

یہ سب کچھ انسان کی عقلی صلاحیتوں پر بھی صادق آتا ہے۔ فلاسفہ اس بات کو اچھی طرح جانتے ہیں کہ ان صلاحیتوں کے معاملے میں ایک انسان اور دوسرے انسان میں زمین و آسمان کا فرق ہوتا ہے۔

All this is applicable to the intellectual faculties of man. There is a considerable difference between one person and another as regards these faculties, as is well known to philosophers.

All this is applicable to the intellectual faculties of man. There is a considerable difference between one person and another as regards these faculties, as is well known to philosophers.

آسمانی کرہ کے مقابلے میں جگہ اور مرتبے دونوں لحاظ سے ہمارا مقام بہت کمتر ہے، اور قادرِ مطلق صرف جگہ کے اعتبار سے نہیں بلکہ اپنے وجودِ مطلق، عظمت اور قدرت کے لحاظ سے سب سے بلند ہے۔

Now, we occupy a lowly position, both in space and rank in comparison with the heavenly sphere, and the Almighty is Most High not in space, but with respect to absolute existence, greatness and power.

Now, we occupy a lowly position, both in space and rank in comparison with the heavenly sphere, and the Almighty is Most High not in space, but with respect to absolute existence, greatness and power.

مادہ کی کوئی بھی شکل ہو، وہ ہمیشہ دوسری شکل اپنانے کے لیے تیار رہتی ہے؛ وہ کبھی حرکت کرنا اور اپنی موجودہ شکل کو چھوڑ کر نئی شکل اختیار کرنا بند نہیں کرتی۔... اس لیے یہ بالکل واضح ہے کہ ہر قسم کی خرابی، فنا یا نقص کا سرچشمہ مادہ ہی ہے۔

Whatever form it has, it [matter] will be disposed to receive another form; it never leaves off moving and casting off the form which it has in order to receive another. ...It is therefore clear that all corruption, destruction, or defect comes from matter.

Whatever form it has, it [matter] will be disposed to receive another form; it never leaves off moving and casting off the form which it has in order to receive another. ...It is therefore clear that all corruption, destruction, or defect comes from matter.