ब्रिटिश विज्ञान की तुलना में अमेरिकी विज्ञान कहीं अधिक संगठित और पदानुक्रमित रहा है।
American science is much more organized, much more hierarchical than British science has been.
American science is much more organized, much more hierarchical than British science has been.
जिस तरह से मैं काम करता हूँ, वह ब्रिटिश विज्ञान की कार्यशैली का एक जीवंत उदाहरण है।
I am a caricature of what British science is about in the way I work.
I am a caricature of what British science is about in the way I work.
मुझे नहीं लगता कि मैं कभी पूरी तरह से रिटायर हो पाऊंगा।
I don't suppose I'll ever retire completely.
I don't suppose I'll ever retire completely.
अगर यह कुछ और होता, तो हम कह देते, 'लोग नहीं चाहते कि हम यह करें। इसे भूल जाइए। जैसा है वैसा ही रहने दीजिए।' लेकिन यह उस श्रेणी में नहीं आता। यह एक दिलचस्प विज्ञान है। नया विज्ञान। जिसमें एक बहुत ही उपयोगी तकनीक बनने की थोड़ी बहुत संभावना भी छिपी हुई है। इसलिए, यदि आपके भीतर थोड़ी भी ईमानदारी है, तो आप हार नहीं मानते। आप तभी हार मानते हैं जब आपको अपनी गलती का एहसास हो। लेकिन जब तक आपको अपने सही होने पर विश्वास है, आपको आगे बढ़ते रहना होगा। और उसके परिणामों का सामना भी करना पड़ेगा।
If it had been anything else, we would have said, 'People don't want us to do it. Forget it. Let's just leave it alone.' But this is not in that category. This is interesting science. New science. With a hint of a possibility of a very useful technology. Therefore, if you've got any integrity, you don't give up. You only give up if you find you are wrong. But as long as you believe that you are right, you have to continue. And you have to take the consequences.
If it had been anything else, we would have said, 'People don't want us to do it. Forget it. Let's just leave it alone.' But this is not in that category. This is interesting science. New science. With a hint of a possibility of a very useful technology. Therefore, if you've got any integrity, you don't give up. You only give up if you find you are wrong. But as long as you believe that you are right, you have to continue. And you have to take the consequences.
इलेक्ट्रोड डिज़ाइन के अनुकूलन को लेकर मेरा यह दृष्टिकोण काफी समय से रहा है। इतिहास में हमने अपने काम के दौरान कई चरणों को पार किया और आखिरकार पैलेडियम की बड़ी-बड़ी शीटों पर काम किया।
I have had this view of the optimization of the electrode design for a long time. Historically we went through various phases in the work and eventually worked on large sheets - very large sheets - of palladium.
I have had this view of the optimization of the electrode design for a long time. Historically we went through various phases in the work and eventually worked on large sheets - very large sheets - of palladium.
इससे कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता कि आप उच्च-तापमान अतिचालकता या ईंधन सेल हासिल कर सकते हैं या नहीं, वे हमेशा सूची में बने रहेंगे क्योंकि यदि आप उन्हें हासिल करने में सफल हो जाते हैं, तो उनका अत्यधिक मूल्य होगा।
It doesn't matter whether you can or cannot achieve high temperature superconductivity or fuel cells, they will always be on the list because if you could achieve them they would be extremely valuable.
It doesn't matter whether you can or cannot achieve high temperature superconductivity or fuel cells, they will always be on the list because if you could achieve them they would be extremely valuable.
विभिन्न अवसरों पर यह सुझाव दिया गया है कि मुझे यूनाइटेड किंगडम में अपना काम शुरू करना चाहिए, लेकिन - मेरी उम्र और चिकित्सा इतिहास को ध्यान में रखते हुए - मुझे लगता है कि यह आगे बढ़ने का कोई बहुत समझदारी भरा तरीका नहीं होगा।
It has been suggested at various times that I should start an operation in the United Kingdom but - bearing in mind my age and medical history - I think this would be not a very sensible way to go forward.
It has been suggested at various times that I should start an operation in the United Kingdom but - bearing in mind my age and medical history - I think this would be not a very sensible way to go forward.
मुझे लगता है कि ब्रिटिश विज्ञान अब अमेरिकी विज्ञान की तरह बनता जा रहा है - और मुझे डर है कि बाकी सब इसके बाद आते हैं।
I think British science is becoming more like American science - and then there is everybody else, I'm afraid.
I think British science is becoming more like American science - and then there is everybody else, I'm afraid.
मुझे लगता है आप जानते हैं कि मैं विज्ञान को ब्रिटिश विज्ञान, अमेरिकी विज्ञान और बाकी सभी के रूप में वर्गीकृत करता हूँ।
I think you know that I classify science as British science, American science, and everybody else.
I think you know that I classify science as British science, American science, and everybody else.
यह ज़रूरी नहीं है कि महंगे प्रयोग करना बेकार हो, लेकिन ऐसे कई सस्ते प्रयोग भी हैं जिन्हें करना वाकई सार्थक होता है।
It is not necessarily true that expensive experiments are not worthwhile doing but there are plenty of rather cheap experiments which are certainly worth doing.
It is not necessarily true that expensive experiments are not worthwhile doing but there are plenty of rather cheap experiments which are certainly worth doing.
अब, ज़ाहिर है, मूल्य के मामले में कोल्ड फ़्यूज़न अपने आप में इन सबका सरताज है, इसलिए मुझे लगता है कि सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण और अर्थशास्त्र के लिहाज़ से देखा जाए, तो यह साफ है कि यह तकनीक लंबे समय तक टिके रहने वाली है।
Now, of course, cold fusion is the daddy of them all in a way, in terms of value, so I think that viewed in a social way, from the point of social considerations and economics, it will tell you that this thing will stay around.
Now, of course, cold fusion is the daddy of them all in a way, in terms of value, so I think that viewed in a social way, from the point of social considerations and economics, it will tell you that this thing will stay around.
उस समय स्टैन और मैं अभी भी चुपचाप अपना काम कर रहे थे, लेकिन इस प्रगति के कारण, हमें यूटा विश्वविद्यालय को बताना पड़ा क्योंकि हमें लगा कि शायद उन्हें पेटेंट सुरक्षित कराने की आवश्यकता पड़े।
Now Stan and I were still working in secret at that time but, because of this development, we had to inform the University of Utah because we thought that they might need to take patent protection.
Now Stan and I were still working in secret at that time but, because of this development, we had to inform the University of Utah because we thought that they might need to take patent protection.
मेरा एक बुनियादी उसूल यह है कि अगर आप इसे टेस्ट ट्यूब में नहीं कर सकते, तो इसे बिल्कुल मत कीजिए।
One of my theme songs is that if you can't do it in a test tube, don't do it.
One of my theme songs is that if you can't do it in a test tube, don't do it.
वैज्ञानिक इस बात से अच्छी तरह वाकिफ होते हैं कि वे अपने से पहले के शोधकर्ताओं की पीढ़ियों के कंधों पर खड़े हैं और उनका अपना योगदान उतना बड़ा नहीं है।
Scientists are really very conscious of the fact that they stand on the shoulders of an enormous tree of preceding workers and that their own contribution is not so enormous.
Scientists are really very conscious of the fact that they stand on the shoulders of an enormous tree of preceding workers and that their own contribution is not so enormous.
समस्या यह है कि क्वांटम यांत्रिकी की जगह क्वांटम फील्ड थ्योरी को अपनाना आज भी बेहद चुनौतीपूर्ण बना हुआ है।
The problem is that replacement of Quantum Mechanics by Quantum Field Theory is still very demanding.
The problem is that replacement of Quantum Mechanics by Quantum Field Theory is still very demanding.
आम तौर पर, यदि आपके पास कोई नया विचार है, तो पहली बार में ही उस विचार को किसी ठोस रूप या अमल में लाना बहुत दुर्लभ होता है - शोध समुदाय को उस विषय पर वापस लौटने में दो या तीन प्रयास लग ही जाते हैं।
Usually, if you have a new idea, you very rarely break through to anything like recognizable development or implementation of that idea the first time around - it takes two or three goes for the research community to return to the topic.
Usually, if you have a new idea, you very rarely break through to anything like recognizable development or implementation of that idea the first time around - it takes two or three goes for the research community to return to the topic.
देखिए, सच कहूँ तो मैं एक बहुत ही पारंपरिक वैज्ञानिक हूँ।
You see, I am a very conventional scientist, really.
You see, I am a very conventional scientist, really.