जॉन काल्विन की 'इंस्टिट्यूट्स' को अक्सर ईसाई भक्ति का सार कहा जाता है। आप धर्मशास्त्र की कई आधुनिक कृतियों के बारे में यह बात नहीं कह सकते, लेकिन काल्विन के बारे में यह बिल्कुल सच है
[John] Calvin's Institutes is often called a summary of Christian piety. You can't say that about many modern works of theology. You can say it of Calvin.
[John] Calvin's Institutes is often called a summary of Christian piety. You can't say that about many modern works of theology. You can say it of Calvin.
[काल्विनवादी परंपरा] ने किशोरावस्था से ही मेरी सोच को गढ़ा और आकार दिया है
[Calvinistic tradition] has fashioned and shaped my thinking since I was a teenager.
[Calvinistic tradition] has fashioned and shaped my thinking since I was a teenager.
परमेश्वर मसीह के माध्यम से हमें यह दिखाते हैं कि यदि उन्हें हमारे पापों के लिए हमें सजा देनी पड़े, तो उन्हें क्या करना होगा
God shows us in Christ what he would have to do if he were to punish us for our sins.
God shows us in Christ what he would have to do if he were to punish us for our sins.
सर्वोत्तम रिफॉर्म, यानी सुधारवादी धर्मशास्त्र केवल वैचारिक रूप से जटिल निष्कर्षों के लिए सावधानीपूर्वक तर्क देने के बारे में नहीं है। यह ईसाई जीवन को जीने के तरीके के बारे में है
The best Reformed theology isn't just about careful arguments for theologically sophisticated conclusions. It is about how to live the Christian life.
The best Reformed theology isn't just about careful arguments for theologically sophisticated conclusions. It is about how to live the Christian life.
अक्सर यह कहा जाता है कि काल्विनवाद के पाँच बिंदु सुधारवादी विचार का वैचारिक केंद्र हैं। यह बहुत भ्रामक है। माना जाता है कि ये पाँच बिंदु सत्रहवीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में डोर्ट की सभा से उत्पन्न हुए थे। फिर भी, हमें ऐसे महत्वपूर्ण सुधारवादी नेता मिलते हैं जिन्होंने उस दस्तावेज पर हस्ताक्षर किए थे, लेकिन उनका यह मानना नहीं था कि सीमित प्रायश्चित, मसीह के उद्धार के कार्य के दायरे को समझने का सही तरीका है। ऐसा कैसे हो सकता है? हालिया ऐतिहासिक धर्मशास्त्र ने इसका यह उत्तर दिया है कि सभा के नियम सीमित प्रायश्चित के सिद्धांत का सख्ती से पालन करने की मांग नहीं करते हैं
It is often reported that the Five Points of Calvinism are the conceptual hard-core of Reformed thought. That is very misleading. The Five Points supposedly originate with the Synod of Dort in the early seventeenth century. Yet we find important Reformed leaders who were signatories to that documentation who don't think that limited atonement is the right way to think about the scope of Christ's saving work. How can this be? The answer that recent historical theology has thrown up is that the canons of the Synod don't require adherence to the doctrine of limited atonement.
It is often reported that the Five Points of Calvinism are the conceptual hard-core of Reformed thought. That is very misleading. The Five Points supposedly originate with the Synod of Dort in the early seventeenth century. Yet we find important Reformed leaders who were signatories to that documentation who don't think that limited atonement is the right way to think about the scope of Christ's saving work. How can this be? The answer that recent historical theology has thrown up is that the canons of the Synod don't require adherence to the doctrine of limited atonement.
स्थिर रहने वाली कोई परंपरा नहीं होती। परंपराएँ हमेशा विकसित होती रहती हैं, जीवंत चीजें होती हैं
There is no such thing as a stationary tradition. Traditions are always developing, living things.
There is no such thing as a stationary tradition. Traditions are always developing, living things.
मुझे लगता है कि जो कोई भी सुधारवादी धर्मशास्त्र में रुचि रखता है, या सामान्य रूप से ईसाई धर्मशास्त्र में रुचि रखता है, उसे जॉन काल्विन की 'इंस्टिट्यूट्स' अवश्य पढ़नी चाहिए
I think everyone who has an interest in Reformed theology, or just in Christian theology more generally, should read John Calvin Institutes.
I think everyone who has an interest in Reformed theology, or just in Christian theology more generally, should read John Calvin Institutes.
उदाहरण के लिए, कई मुख्यधारा के सुधारवादी धर्मशास्त्री "सीमित" प्रायश्चित के सिद्धांत को नकारते हैं (काल्विनवाद के पाँच बिंदुओं के संक्षिप्त नाम TULIP में "L")। ये विचारक हाशिए पर बैठे लोग या खलनायक नहीं हैं। वे सुधारवादी सोच के केंद्र में बैठे नेता हैं, जैसे बिशप जॉन डेवेनेंट
For instance, there are many mainstream Reformed theologians that deny the doctrine of "limited" atonement (the "L" in TULIP, the acrostic for the Five Points of Calvinism). These are not thinkers on the margins or troublemakers. They are leaders at the center of Reformed thinking like Bishop John Davenant.
For instance, there are many mainstream Reformed theologians that deny the doctrine of "limited" atonement (the "L" in TULIP, the acrostic for the Five Points of Calvinism). These are not thinkers on the margins or troublemakers. They are leaders at the center of Reformed thinking like Bishop John Davenant.
मसीह का कार्य हमारे लिए एक प्रकार की रोक (निवारक) है, और दुनिया के प्रति परमेश्वर के दिव्य शासन के न्याय को बनाए रखने का एक तरीका है
Christ's work is a kind of deterrent to us, and a way of upholding the justice of God's divine government of the world.
Christ's work is a kind of deterrent to us, and a way of upholding the justice of God's divine government of the world.
मैं डग स्वीविनी की हाल ही में आई पुस्तक [जोनाथन] एडवर्ड्स द एक्सिगेट (ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी प्रेस, 2015) की अनुशंसा करता हूँ, जो इस बात का एक शानदार विश्लेषण है कि एडवर्ड्स बाइबल में कितने रमे हुए थे, ताकि उसने उनकी पूरी सोच को आकार दिया
I recommend Doug Sweeney's recent book [Jonathan] Edwards the Exegete (Oxford University Press, 2015), which is a terrific treatment of the way in which Edwards was steeped in the Bible, so that it shaped the whole of his thinking.
I recommend Doug Sweeney's recent book [Jonathan] Edwards the Exegete (Oxford University Press, 2015), which is a terrific treatment of the way in which Edwards was steeped in the Bible, so that it shaped the whole of his thinking.
कोई भी धार्मिक ग्रंथ या स्वीकारोक्ति त्रुटिहीन नहीं होती; सुधारवादी ईसाइयों से यह अपेक्षा की जाती है कि वे परमेश्वर के वचन के अनुसार लगातार खुद को सुधारने का प्रयास करें - और इसमें हमारे धार्मिक ग्रंथ और स्वीकारोक्ति भी शामिल हैं
No confession is inerrant; Reformed Christians are supposed to be those who seek to be constantly reformed according to the Word of God - and that includes our confessions as well.
No confession is inerrant; Reformed Christians are supposed to be those who seek to be constantly reformed according to the Word of God - and that includes our confessions as well.
[बचत काल्विनवाद पुस्तक से] प्रायश्चित वाला अध्याय यह दिखाता है कि सुधारवादी धर्मशास्त्र में वास्तविक संपदा छिपी है जिसके बारे में आज के अधिकांश ईसाइयों को कोई अंदाजा नहीं है
The atonement chapter [from the book Saving Calvinism] shows how there are real riches in Reformed theology that most Christians today have no idea about.
The atonement chapter [from the book Saving Calvinism] shows how there are real riches in Reformed theology that most Christians today have no idea about.
यह पुस्तक [सेविंग काल्विनवाद] प्रत्येक मामले में यह तर्क देती है कि सुधारवादी परंपरा हमारी पहली सोच से कहीं अधिक व्यापक और गहरी है - इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि परंपरा के हाशिए पर कुछ लोग पागल भरी बातें कह रहे हैं जिन पर हमें ध्यान देना चाहिए, बल्कि इसका अर्थ यह है कि "मुख्यधारा" के भीतर ही ऐसे संसाधन मौजूद हैं जो हमें यह सोचने पर मजबूर करते हैं कि यह परंपरा doctrinal (सैद्धांतिक) रूप से उतनी संकीर्ण नहीं है जितना कि तथाकथित "काल्विनवाद के पाँच बिंदु" आपको विश्वास दिला सकते हैं
The book [Saving Calvinism] argues in each case that the Reformed tradition is broader and deeper than we might think at first glance - not that there are people on the margins of the tradition saying crazy things we should pay attention to, but rather that there are resources within the "mainstream" so to speak, which give us reason to think that the tradition is nowhere near as doctrinally narrow as the so-called "Five Points of Calvinism" might lead one to believe.
The book [Saving Calvinism] argues in each case that the Reformed tradition is broader and deeper than we might think at first glance - not that there are people on the margins of the tradition saying crazy things we should pay attention to, but rather that there are resources within the "mainstream" so to speak, which give us reason to think that the tradition is nowhere near as doctrinally narrow as the so-called "Five Points of Calvinism" might lead one to believe.
इस बात की सीमाएँ हैं कि किसे "रिफ़ॉर्म्ड" (सुधारवादी) माना जाएगा। यह सिर्फ एक नाम या लेबल से कहीं बढ़कर है। यह किसी विशेष धार्मिक धारा या परंपरा से जुड़े होने से संबंधित है, जिसे कुछ विशेष विचारकों और उनके काम, विशेष तर्कों और विचारों, एक विशेष समुदाय (विशेषकर, विशेष चर्च समुदायों, संप्रदायों आदि), आराधना के विशेष तरीकों या अनुष्ठानों, और ईसाई जीवन जीने के तौर-तरीकों, तथा उन विशेष धार्मिक घोषणाओं द्वारा आकार दिया गया है जो इन समुदायों के आचरण को दिशा देती हैं
There are constraints on what counts as "Reformed." It's more than a name or a label. It's about belonging to a particular theological stream or tradition, which is shaped in important respects by particular thinkers and their work, particular arguments and ideas, a particular community (especially, particular church communities, denominations, and so on), particular liturgies or ways of worshipping and living out the Christian life, and particular confessions that inform the practices of these communities.
There are constraints on what counts as "Reformed." It's more than a name or a label. It's about belonging to a particular theological stream or tradition, which is shaped in important respects by particular thinkers and their work, particular arguments and ideas, a particular community (especially, particular church communities, denominations, and so on), particular liturgies or ways of worshipping and living out the Christian life, and particular confessions that inform the practices of these communities.
[जोनाथन] एडवर्ड्स वह व्यक्ति हैं जिन्होंने वास्तव में धार्मिक नियतिवाद (theological determinism) को सुधारवादी विचारकों के लिए एक गंभीर विकल्प बनाया, और 19वीं शताब्दी के सुधारवादी विचारों पर, विशेष रूप से अमेरिका और ब्रिटेन में, उनके विचारों का बहुत बड़ा प्रभाव पड़ा
[ Jonathan] Edwards is the person who really made theological determinism a serious option for Reformed thinkers, and the influence his views had in nineteenth century Reformed thought, in the USA and the UK in particular, is enormous.
[ Jonathan] Edwards is the person who really made theological determinism a serious option for Reformed thinkers, and the influence his views had in nineteenth century Reformed thought, in the USA and the UK in particular, is enormous.
[जॉन] काल्विन की पहचान अक्सर उनके भविष्यवक्ता (predestination) के सिद्धांत से जोड़ी जाती है। फिर भी, यह उनकी 'इंस्टिट्यूट्स' की पहली नहीं बल्कि तीसरी पुस्तक में आता है
[John] Calvin is often identified with his account of predestination. Yet that appears in the third book of his Institutes, not the first.
[John] Calvin is often identified with his account of predestination. Yet that appears in the third book of his Institutes, not the first.
अब, मुझे गलत मत समझिए: मैं दंड-प्रतिस्थापन (penal substitution) की आलोचना नहीं कर रहा हूँ। लेकिन अतीत के सुधारवादी विचारकों द्वारा अन्य विकल्प भी सुझाए गए हैं
Now, don't get me wrong: I'm not rubbishing penal substitution. But there are other options that have been advocated by Reformed thinkers of the past.
Now, don't get me wrong: I'm not rubbishing penal substitution. But there are other options that have been advocated by Reformed thinkers of the past.
[सेविंग काल्विनवाद पुस्तक में] प्रायश्चित की प्रकृति पर दिए गए अध्याय में मैं यह तर्क देता हूँ कि यह सोचना गलत है कि प्रायश्चित के सिद्धांत के लिए केवल दंड-प्रतिस्थापन ही एकमात्र विकल्प है
In the chapter on the nature of the atonement [in the book saving Calvinism] I argue that it is a mistake to think that penal substitution is the only option on the doctrine of atonement.
In the chapter on the nature of the atonement [in the book saving Calvinism] I argue that it is a mistake to think that penal substitution is the only option on the doctrine of atonement.
[जोनाथन एडवर्ड्स] यदि आप इस पुस्तक की तरह काल्विनवाद पर लिख रहे हैं, तो इस विषय पर उनसे उलझना या उनका जिक्र करना ही पड़ेगा
[Jonathan Edwards] he has to be engaged with on this issue if you're writing about Calvinism as I am in this book.
[Jonathan Edwards] he has to be engaged with on this issue if you're writing about Calvinism as I am in this book.
हम आज भी जॉन पाइपर, आर.सी. स्प्रूल और टिम केेलर जैसे लोगों की लोकप्रिय सुधारवादी सोच के परिणामों के साथ जी रहे हैं
We are still living with the consequences of that today in popular Reformed thinking from the likes of John Piper, R. C. Sproul, and Tim Keller.
We are still living with the consequences of that today in popular Reformed thinking from the likes of John Piper, R. C. Sproul, and Tim Keller.
चर्च की बेंचों पर बैठने वाले कितने लोग यह जानते हैं कि [जोनाथन एडवर्ड्स] इवेंजेलिकल (सुसमाचार प्रचारक) धर्म के संस्थापकों में से एक होने के साथ-साथ एक ऐसे आदर्शवादी भी थे जो यह मानते थे कि भौतिक दुनिया का कोई अस्तित्व ही नहीं है?
How many people in the pews know that [ Jonathan Edwards] is both a founder of evangelicalism and, say, an idealist who denied that the material world exists?
How many people in the pews know that [ Jonathan Edwards] is both a founder of evangelicalism and, say, an idealist who denied that the material world exists?
मुझे अक्सर एक 'बागी केल्विनवादी' कहा जाता है, लेकिन यह बात सिर्फ मेरे उस तर्क को रेखांकित करती है कि हमें अपनी परंपरा के दायरे को और अधिक व्यापक बनाने की जरूरत है!
[I'm often called a Deviant Calvinist] but that only goes to underline the point I'm trying to make about the need to broaden our account of the tradition!
[I'm often called a Deviant Calvinist] but that only goes to underline the point I'm trying to make about the need to broaden our account of the tradition!
मेरी नजर में जोनाथन एडवर्ड्स एक बेहद दिलचस्प शख्सियत हैं क्योंकि वह परंपरावादी रिफॉर्म्ड विचारक होने के साथ-साथ धर्मशास्त्र के कई अहम क्षेत्रों में रूढ़िवादी सीमाओं से आगे की सोचने वाले व्यक्ति भी थे।
To my mind [ Jonathan Edwards] is an interesting figure because he is both a canonical Reformed thinker, and yet also someone that pushed the envelope in a number of key areas of theology.
To my mind [ Jonathan Edwards] is an interesting figure because he is both a canonical Reformed thinker, and yet also someone that pushed the envelope in a number of key areas of theology.
पुस्तक 'सेविंग केल्विनism' में जोनाथन एडवर्ड्स का जिक्र निश्चित रूप से आता है। स्वतंत्र इच्छा (फ्री विल) वाले अध्याय में वह एक संवादात्मक वक्ता के रूप में सामने आते हैं, और उनके साथ दूसरे वक्ता दक्षिणी प्रेस्बिटेरियन धर्मशास्त्री जॉन गिरार्डो हैं।
[Jonathan] Edwards definitely shows up in the book [Saving Calvinism]. He appears as one of the interlocutors in the chapter on free will, the other being the Southern Presbyterian theologian John Girardeau.
[Jonathan] Edwards definitely shows up in the book [Saving Calvinism]. He appears as one of the interlocutors in the chapter on free will, the other being the Southern Presbyterian theologian John Girardeau.
जोनाथन एडवर्ड्स मेरे आदर्श नायकों में से एक हैं। मैंने इन वर्षों में उनसे बहुत कुछ सीखा है।
[ Jonathan] Edwards is one of my heroes. I've learned much from him over the years.
[ Jonathan] Edwards is one of my heroes. I've learned much from him over the years.