Sacchi yogyata ek nadi ki tarah hoti hai, jitni gehri hoti hai, utna hi kam shor machati hai.
True merit is like a river, the deeper it is, the less noise it makes.
True merit is like a river, the deeper it is, the less noise it makes.
American samaj ka lagbhag har pehlu Dusre Vishwayuddh se prabhavit hai: race ko lekar hamari bhaavnayein; gender aur mahilaon ke sashaktikaran ko lekar hamari bhaavnayein, mahilaon ka kaamkaaj ki duniya mein aana; duniya mein hamari bhumika ko lekar hamari soch. In sabhi cheezon ki jadhein seedhe taur par Dusre Vishwayuddh se judi hain.
Almost everything about American society is affected by World War II: our feelings about race; our feelings about gender and the empowerment of women, moving women into the workplace; our feelings about our role in the world. All of that comes in a very direct way out of World War II.
Almost everything about American society is affected by World War II: our feelings about race; our feelings about gender and the empowerment of women, moving women into the workplace; our feelings about our role in the world. All of that comes in a very direct way out of World War II.
Brooke ke deputy, General Sir John Kennedy ne Churchill ke baare mein kaha tha: “Jab haalat kharab hote hain toh woh kaafi mushkil hote hain, jab kuch nahi ho raha hota toh aur bhi zyada mushkil, aur jab sab kuch thik chal raha hota hai toh unhe sambhalna namumkin ho jata hai."
Brooke’s deputy, General Sir John Kennedy, observed of Churchill: “He is difficult enough when things are going badly, more difficult when nothing is happening, and quite unmanageable when all is going well.
Brooke’s deputy, General Sir John Kennedy, observed of Churchill: “He is difficult enough when things are going badly, more difficult when nothing is happening, and quite unmanageable when all is going well.
Aam taur par, dushman ke samne aate hi koi bhi sainya yojana kaam nahi karti. Yeh baat tab sabse zyada sach sabit hoti hai jab shuruat mein koi yojana ho hi na.
Proverbially, no military plan survives contact with the enemy. That is never truer than when there is no plan to begin with.
Proverbially, no military plan survives contact with the enemy. That is never truer than when there is no plan to begin with.
Kartavya, sammaan, desh. Yeh teen pavitra shabd yehi nirdharit karte hain ki aapko kya hona chahiye, aap kya ban sakte hain, aap kya banenge. Yeh aapke aisi jagah hain jo aapko ekjut karte hain: jab hausla tootne lage toh hausla dene ke liye; jab vishwas ka koi sahara na bache toh vishwas wapas paane ke liye; aur jab umeed khatam hone lage toh nayi umeed jagane ke liye.
Duty, honor, country. Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail; to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith; to create hope when hope becomes forlorn.
Duty, honor, country. Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail; to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith; to create hope when hope becomes forlorn.
Yuddh ke maidan mein, zameen ki banawat hi taqeyat tay karti hai.
In battle, topography is fate.
In battle, topography is fate.
फिर भी, मित्र राष्ट्रों की एकजुटता उनके नेतृत्व का मुख्य सिद्धांत बनी रही और इसे बनाए रखने के लिए वे किसी भी हद तक जाने को तैयार थे, यहाँ तक कि खुद को धोखे में रखने के लिए भी। सितंबर में उन्होंने मार्शल को लिखा, “टीम बहुत अच्छे से काम कर रही है।”
Yet Allied unity remained the central principle of his command and he would go to great lengths to preserve it, including self-delusion. “The team is working well,” he wrote Marshall in September.
Yet Allied unity remained the central principle of his command and he would go to great lengths to preserve it, including self-delusion. “The team is working well,” he wrote Marshall in September.
हमारी जैविक संरचना में कुछ ऐसा है जो चीख-चीख कर कहता है कि बूढ़ों का अपने से छोटों को जीते जी देखना नैतिक रूप से बिल्कुल गलत है। यह उन पलों में से एक है जब भगवान की करनी समझ से परे लगती है। जिंदगी का यह सबसे बुरा दौर होता है।
There is something within our biological structure that screams out and says it is morally wrong for the old to outlive the young. This is one of the times when God doesn’t seem to make sense. This is the worst that life gets.
There is something within our biological structure that screams out and says it is morally wrong for the old to outlive the young. This is one of the times when God doesn’t seem to make sense. This is the worst that life gets.
अप्रैल 1945 में, जो कि युद्ध का आखिरी पूरा महीना था, जर्मनी में लगभग 11,000 अमेरिकी सैनिक मारे गए। यह संख्या जून 1944 में मरने वाले सैनिकों के लगभग बराबर थी। बिल्कुल अंत तक, यह बेहद भयानक और क्रूर था।
There were almost 11,000 American soldiers killed in Germany in April of 1945, the last full month of the war. Thats almost as many as died in June, 1944. Right to the very end, it was absolutely brutal.
There were almost 11,000 American soldiers killed in Germany in April of 1945, the last full month of the war. Thats almost as many as died in June, 1944. Right to the very end, it was absolutely brutal.
मैं इराक में 101वीं एयरबोर्न डिवीजन के साथ था, जो सचमुच किसी सुनसान इलाके में, बगदाद से लगभग 80 मील दक्षिण में था। लगभग आधी रात का वक्त था, जब मुझे वाशिंगटन पोस्ट के मुख्य कार्यालय से एक कंप्यूटर संदेश मिला जिसमें मुझे उनसे संपर्क करने को कहा गया था। मैंने उन्हें फोन किया और मुझे बताया गया कि मैंने पुलित्जर पुरस्कार जीत लिया है।
I was with the 101st Airborne Division in Iraq, really in the middle of nowhere, about 80 miles south of Baghdad. And it was almost midnight, and I got a computer message from the home office of the Washington Post asking me to call them. I did call them and was told that I’d won the Pulitzer Prize.
I was with the 101st Airborne Division in Iraq, really in the middle of nowhere, about 80 miles south of Baghdad. And it was almost midnight, and I got a computer message from the home office of the Washington Post asking me to call them. I did call them and was told that I’d won the Pulitzer Prize.
एक फ्रांसीसी लेखक ने एक बार टिप्पणी की थी कि, “नई बस्तियों में, स्पेनिश लोग सबसे पहले चर्च बनाते हैं, अंग्रेज एक शराबखाना, और फ्रांसीसी एक किला।”
A French writer once observed that, “in the new colonies, the Spanish start by building a church, the English a tavern, and the French a fort.
A French writer once observed that, “in the new colonies, the Spanish start by building a church, the English a tavern, and the French a fort.
प्रिंस बर्नहार्ड ने टिप्पणी की, “मेरा देश अब मॉन्टगोमेरी की किसी और सफलता की विलासिता का जोखिम दोबारा नहीं उठा सकता।”
My country,” Prince Bernhard observed, “can never again afford the luxury of another Montgomery success.
My country,” Prince Bernhard observed, “can never again afford the luxury of another Montgomery success.
एक अकेली शर्मन टैंक को पानी से सुरक्षित (वाटरप्रूफ) बनाने में तीन सौ मानव-घंटे लगते थे, और इसके पाँच सदस्यों वाले दल को पूरा एक हफ्ता इसी काम में लग जाता था।
A single Sherman tank took three hundred man-hours to waterproof, occupying the five-man crew for a week.
A single Sherman tank took three hundred man-hours to waterproof, occupying the five-man crew for a week.
जैसा कि एक ब्रिटिश मेजर ने कहा, मार्केट गार्डेन “एक बहुत बड़ी तबाही” साबित हुई; यह एक ऐसी खराब योजना थी जिसमें खुफिया जानकारी की कमी थी, काम लापरवाह तरीके से किया गया था और नेतृत्व बेहद घटिया था।
MARKET GARDEN proved “an epic cock-up,” as a British major averred, a poor plan with deficient intelligence, haphazard execution, and indifferent generalship.
MARKET GARDEN proved “an epic cock-up,” as a British major averred, a poor plan with deficient intelligence, haphazard execution, and indifferent generalship.
मेरा जन्म म्यूनिख में हुआ था, और मेरे पिता साल्ज़बर्ग में तैनात थे। मेरे जीवन के शुरुआती तीन साल ऑस्ट्रिया में बीते, उस समय जब अमेरिकी सेना ऑस्ट्रिया में ही हुआ करती थी। इसके बाद देश भर की छावनी क्षेत्रों में दिग्गजों के बीच मेरा लालन-पालन हुआ।
I was born in Munich, and my father was stationed in Salzburg. For the first three years of my life, I lived in Austria back when the American Army was still in Austria. I grew up subsequently in posts around the country around veterans.
I was born in Munich, and my father was stationed in Salzburg. For the first three years of my life, I lived in Austria back when the American Army was still in Austria. I grew up subsequently in posts around the country around veterans.
ब्रिटिश सेना के कैप्टन एवलिन वॉ ने स्टुकाई विमान के बारे में लिखा, “अन्य जर्मन चीजों की तरह, यह भी अत्यधिक कुशल है और बहुत लंबे समय तक तबाही मचाता रहता है।”
Captain Evelyn Waugh of the British Army wrote of the Stuka, “Like all things German, it is very efficient and goes on much too long.
Captain Evelyn Waugh of the British Army wrote of the Stuka, “Like all things German, it is very efficient and goes on much too long.
आसान गलत रास्ते को चुनने के बजाय हमेशा कठिन और सही रास्ते पर चलना सीखना।
Learning to choose the harder right instead of the easier wrong.
Learning to choose the harder right instead of the easier wrong.
हिटलर के राज में उच्च स्तर का पुलिस तंत्र था। और जिन लोगों में भी थोड़ी बहुत कमजोरी दिखाने के संकेत दिखते थे, उन्हें जेल में डाल दिया जाता था या अक्सर तुरंत मौत के घाट उतार दिया जाता था। इस वजह से कई ऐसे लोग जो यह अच्छी तरह जानते थे कि जर्मनी के लिए इस युद्ध का परिणाम बुरा होने वाला है, चाह कर भी हथियार नहीं डाल पाए।
Hitler had a police state of the first order. And those who showed any sign of being weak-kneed faced prison or often summary execution. That prevented a lot of people who knew that the war was not going to turn out well for Germany from giving up.
Hitler had a police state of the first order. And those who showed any sign of being weak-kneed faced prison or often summary execution. That prevented a lot of people who knew that the war was not going to turn out well for Germany from giving up.
उनका मानना था कि यदि आप प्लीब प्रणाली (नौसिखिए कैडेटों को तंग करने की परंपरा) को एक खेल की तरह नहीं लेते, तो यह एक बेहद थका देने वाली और मानसिक रूप से तोड़ने वाली परीक्षा बन सकती है।
If you didn’t play the plebe system as if it were a game, he thought, it could be a debilitating ordeal.
If you didn’t play the plebe system as if it were a game, he thought, it could be a debilitating ordeal.
प्रथम विश्व युद्ध के बाद के अंतराल में अमेरिकी सेना लगभग बिखर चुकी थी। यह एक बहुत छोटी टुकड़ी थी, जिसका मुख्य काम पश्चिमी चौकियों पर घुड़सवार सेना के हमलों का अभ्यास करना भर रह गया था।
The American army between world wars after World War I had virtually disintegrated. It was a very small force, given largely to practicing cavalry charges on western outposts.
The American army between world wars after World War I had virtually disintegrated. It was a very small force, given largely to practicing cavalry charges on western outposts.
ट्यूनीशिया के युद्धक्षेत्रों की यात्रा करने से कुछ और ही तस्वीर सामने आती है। आधी सदी से अधिक समय बीत जाने के बाद, समय और मौसम ने एल गुएत्तार, कैसेरीन और लांगस्टॉप की जमीन को भले ही साफ कर दिया हो, लेकिन बंकरों के निशान, जंग लगे सी-रेशन के डिब्बे, और बीज की तरह बिखरे हुए गोलाबारी के अवशेष आज भी वहाँ मौजूद हैं। जमीन की बनावट भी वैसी ही है – कमजोर नीची जमीन और रणनीतिक रूप से बेहतर ऊंची जमीन: जो इस बात की लगातार याद दिलाती है कि युद्ध में भूगोल ही भाग्य तय करता है।
A visit to the Tunisian battlefields tells a bit more. For more than half a century, time and weather have purified the ground at El Guettar and Kasserine and Longstop. But the slit trenches remain, and rusty C-ration cans, and shell fragments scattered like seed corn. The lay of the land also remains – the vulnerable low ground, the superior high ground: incessant reminders of how, in battle, topography is fate.
A visit to the Tunisian battlefields tells a bit more. For more than half a century, time and weather have purified the ground at El Guettar and Kasserine and Longstop. But the slit trenches remain, and rusty C-ration cans, and shell fragments scattered like seed corn. The lay of the land also remains – the vulnerable low ground, the superior high ground: incessant reminders of how, in battle, topography is fate.
स्वतंत्रता की घोषणा पर हस्ताक्षर करने वाले प्रतिनिधियों में से कम से कम एक तिहाई लोग गुलामों के मालिक थे—अकेले जेफरसन के पास दो सौ गुलाम थे—जो कि समानता और “अछ्छूट अधिकारों” के घोषित सिद्धांतों के साथ कभी न मेल खाने वाली एक नैतिक त्रासदी थी, कम से कम अठारहवीं शताब्दी में तो बिल्कुल नहीं। लेकिन जैसा कि एडमंड एस. मॉर्गन ने लिखा, “समानता के सिद्धांत ने लोगों को समानता दी नहीं, बल्कि उन्हें इसके लिए दावा करने का न्योता दिया; उन्हें अपनी औकात में रहने के बजाय एक बेहतर जगह की तलाश करने और उसकी मांग करने के लिए प्रेरित किया।”
That at least a third of the delegates who would sign the Declaration were slave owners – Jefferson alone had two hundred – was a moral catastrophe that could never be reconciled with the avowed principles of equality and “unalienable rights,” at least not in the eighteenth century. But as Edmund S. Morgan would write, “The creed of equality did not give men equality, but invited them to claim it, invited them, not to know their place and keep it, but to seek and demand a better place.
That at least a third of the delegates who would sign the Declaration were slave owners – Jefferson alone had two hundred – was a moral catastrophe that could never be reconciled with the avowed principles of equality and “unalienable rights,” at least not in the eighteenth century. But as Edmund S. Morgan would write, “The creed of equality did not give men equality, but invited them to claim it, invited them, not to know their place and keep it, but to seek and demand a better place.
अठारहवीं शताब्दी के अधिकांश यूरोपीय युद्धों के विपरीत, यह युद्ध सपाट और खुली जमीन पर, अच्छे रास्तों के साथ, दिन के उजाले और अच्छे मौसम में पेशेवर सेनाओं के बीच नहीं लड़ा जाना था। और हालाँकि यह तर्क और ज्ञानोदय के आदर्शों से भरे विवेक के युग में लड़ा गया था, फिर भी यह युद्ध, यह गृहयुद्ध, क्रूरता, अंधाधुंध हत्याओं और बर्बरता के साथ भयानक रूप से पतन की ओर बढ़ता चला गया।
Unlike most European wars of the eighteenth century, this one would not be fought by professional armies on flat, open terrain with reasonable roads, in daylight and good weather. And though it was fought in the age of reason, infused with Enlightenment ideals, this war, this civil war, would spiral into savagery, with sanguinary cruelty, casual killing, and atrocity.
Unlike most European wars of the eighteenth century, this one would not be fought by professional armies on flat, open terrain with reasonable roads, in daylight and good weather. And though it was fought in the age of reason, infused with Enlightenment ideals, this war, this civil war, would spiral into savagery, with sanguinary cruelty, casual killing, and atrocity.
दक्षिण कैरोलिना के एक प्रमुख राजनेता एडवर्ड रटलेज ने दिसंबर में लिखा था कि मुक्त किए गए गुलामों को हथियार देना “ग्रेट ब्रिटेन और उपनिवेशों के बीच हमेशा के लिए ऐसी दरार पैदा कर देगा, जितनी किसी अन्य उपाय से संभव नहीं थी।”
Edward Rutledge, a prominent South Carolina politician, wrote in December that arming freed slaves tended “more effectually to work an eternal separation between Great Britain and the colonies than any other expedient which could possibly have been thought of.
Edward Rutledge, a prominent South Carolina politician, wrote in December that arming freed slaves tended “more effectually to work an eternal separation between Great Britain and the colonies than any other expedient which could possibly have been thought of.
एक सैनिक चट्टानों और मलबे के बीच से दर्द सहते हुए रेंग कर अपनी हल्की मशीन गन सेट करता, निशाना लगाने के लिए सावधानी से अपना सिर ऊपर उठाता, और पाता कि दर्जनों स्थानीय लोग गंभीर मुद्रा में उसके चारों ओर घेरा बनाकर खड़े हैं। स्ट्रीट।
A soldier would snake his way painfully through rocks and rubble to set up a light machine gun, raise his head cautiously to aim, and find a dozen natives clustered solemnly around him. Street.
A soldier would snake his way painfully through rocks and rubble to set up a light machine gun, raise his head cautiously to aim, and find a dozen natives clustered solemnly around him. Street.
काम बहुत ज्यादा थे, समुद्र बहुत विशाल थे, और कश्तियाँ बहुत कम थीं।
The tasks were too many, the seas too vast, the sails too few.
The tasks were too many, the seas too vast, the sails too few.
मित्र राष्ट्रों के उच्च कमान की कमियाँ चाहे जो भी रही हों, वे सब जर्मन सेना की विफलता के सामने फीकी पड़ गईं। ईंधन की कमी के कारण दर्जनों टैंक, असॉल्ट गन और तोपें बेकार खड़ी थीं।
Whatever shortcomings vexed the Allied high command, they paled when stacked against the German fiasco. Dozens of tanks, assault guns, and artillery pieces stood immobile for lack of fuel.
Whatever shortcomings vexed the Allied high command, they paled when stacked against the German fiasco. Dozens of tanks, assault guns, and artillery pieces stood immobile for lack of fuel.
द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के कई ऐसे इतिहासकार हैं जिनका मैं सम्मान करता हूँ: कॉर्नेलियस रेयान, मार्क स्टोलर, एंटनी बीवर, कुछ ही नाम लूँ तो। जहाँ तक जनरलों की बात है, कुछ ऐसे हैं जिनका मैं युद्ध-नेता के रूप में सम्मान करता हूँ और कुछ अन्य इसलिए क्योंकि उनके बारे में लिखना बेहद मजेदार होता है।
There are a number of World War II historians I admire: Cornelius Ryan, Mark Stoler, Antony Beevor, to name a few. As for generals, there are those I admire as combat leaders and others I admire because they’re great fun to write about.
There are a number of World War II historians I admire: Cornelius Ryan, Mark Stoler, Antony Beevor, to name a few. As for generals, there are those I admire as combat leaders and others I admire because they’re great fun to write about.
मैं उस आम समस्या से पीड़ित हूँ जो उच्च कमांडर के सामने आती है—चीजें आदेशित और शुरू तो की जा सकती हैं, लेकिन मोर्चे पर उनका वास्तविक क्रियान्वयन किसी और को ही सौंपना पड़ता है।
I suffer from the usual difficulty that besets the higher commander – things can be ordered and started, but actual execution at the front has to be turned over to someone else.
I suffer from the usual difficulty that besets the higher commander – things can be ordered and started, but actual execution at the front has to be turned over to someone else.
1 सितंबर 1939 उस युद्ध का पहला दिन था जो 2,174 दिनों तक चलना था, और इसने एक ऐसे युद्ध में पहली मौतें दर्ज कीं जो हर दिन औसतन 27,600 जानें लेता—यानी हर घंटे 1,150, हर मिनट 19, या हर 3 सेकंड में एक मौत।
September 1, 1939, was the first day of a war that would last for 2,174 days, and it brought the first dead in a war that would claim an average of 27,600 lives every day, or 1,150 an hour, or 19 a minute, or one death every 3 seconds.
September 1, 1939, was the first day of a war that would last for 2,174 days, and it brought the first dead in a war that would claim an average of 27,600 lives every day, or 1,150 an hour, or 19 a minute, or one death every 3 seconds.
लंदन—राजा के आदमियों ने, भले ही खुद राजा ने नहीं, मिलकर उन्हें उस चीज से वंचित करने की साजिश रची जिसे उन्होंने और उनके पूर्वजों ने इस बंजर भूमि से मेहनत करके छीना था। बोस्टन के एक लेखक ने निष्कर्ष निकाला कि वे “किसी बड़े धमाके के लिए तड़प रहे थे।”
London – the king’s men, if not the king himself – conspired to deprive them of what they and their ancestors had wrenched from this hard land. They were, a Boston writer concluded, “panting for an explosion.
London – the king’s men, if not the king himself – conspired to deprive them of what they and their ancestors had wrenched from this hard land. They were, a Boston writer concluded, “panting for an explosion.
एक बार फिर, एयरबोर्न (हवाई) सेनाएँ मित्र राष्ट्रों के कमांडरों की जेब में पड़े उन सिक्कों की तरह लग रही थीं जो बेचैनी पैदा कर रहे थे—ऐसे सिक्के जिन्हें खर्च किया जाना ही था। सैनिकों ने जल्द ही इस अभियान का मज़ाक उड़ाते हुए इसे 'वार्सिटी ब्लंडर' (बड़ी भूल) कहना शुरू कर दिया, और प्रूनिंग आरी और सीढ़ियों के साथ चलने वाले दफ़न दस्तों को सभी मृतकों को नीचे उतारने में दो दिन लग गए।
Once again, airborne forces appeared to be coins burning a hole in the pockets of Allied commanders, coins that simply had to be spent. Soldiers soon mocked the operation as VARSITY BLUNDER, and burial squads with pruning saws and ladders took two days to cut down all the dead.
Once again, airborne forces appeared to be coins burning a hole in the pockets of Allied commanders, coins that simply had to be spent. Soldiers soon mocked the operation as VARSITY BLUNDER, and burial squads with pruning saws and ladders took two days to cut down all the dead.
इटली को मुक्त कराने के 608 दिनों के अभियान में मित्र राष्ट्रों के 312,000 सैनिक हताहत हुए, जो कि नॉरमैंडी से शुरू हुए उत्तर-पश्चिम यूरोप के निर्णायक अभियान में मित्र राष्ट्रों के कुल नुकसान का 40 प्रतिशत था। इटली में सेवा देने वाले साढ़े सात लाख अमेरिकी सैनिकों में से, कुल युद्ध हताहतों की संख्या 1,20,000 तक पहुँच गई, जिसमें 23,501 मारे गए सैनिक भी शामिल थे।
The 608-day campaign to liberate Italy would cost 312,000 Allied casualties, equivalent to 40 percent of Allied losses in the decisive campaign for northwest Europe that began at Normandy. Among the three-quarters of a million American troops to serve in Italy, total battle casualties would reach 120,000, including 23,501 killed.
The 608-day campaign to liberate Italy would cost 312,000 Allied casualties, equivalent to 40 percent of Allied losses in the decisive campaign for northwest Europe that began at Normandy. Among the three-quarters of a million American troops to serve in Italy, total battle casualties would reach 120,000, including 23,501 killed.
चर्चिल ने अपनी एक कहावत रची, जो बहुत उद्धृत की जाती है: “मित्र राष्ट्रों के साथ लड़ने से सिर्फ एक ही बुरी चीज है, और वह है उनके बिना लड़ना।”
Churchill composed his own aphorism, much quoted: “There is only one thing worse than fighting with allies, and that is fighting without them.
Churchill composed his own aphorism, much quoted: “There is only one thing worse than fighting with allies, and that is fighting without them.
तोपची अपनी लाल हो चुकी बंदूकों की नलियों को ठंडा करने के लिए पानी के डिब्बे उड़ेल रहे थे, जबकि अन्य सैनिक अपने कंधों पर छियानवे पाउंड के गोले लादे पीछे से संघर्ष करते हुए आ रहे थे।
Gunners sloshed cans of water to cool their glowing barrels while others struggled from the rear with ninety-six-pound rounds on their shoulders.
Gunners sloshed cans of water to cool their glowing barrels while others struggled from the rear with ninety-six-pound rounds on their shoulders.
कुछ ने गोली चलाई, तो कुछ झिझक गए। एक अजीब, अंधेरे किनारे पर उतारे जाने के बाद, कई सैनिकों को डर था कि वे कहीं अपने ही लोगों पर गोली न चला दें। पहाड़ियों की ढलानें रात के पहचान वाले शब्दों और संकेतों से गूंज रही थीं: “हा यो, सिल्वर!” और “अवाऽऽय!”
Some fired, others balked. Decanted onto a strange, dark shore, many men feared shooting their own. The hillsides hissed with the night’s challenge and countersign: “Hi yo, Silver!” and “Awaaay!
Some fired, others balked. Decanted onto a strange, dark shore, many men feared shooting their own. The hillsides hissed with the night’s challenge and countersign: “Hi yo, Silver!” and “Awaaay!
वाल्तेير का कहना था कि इतिहास इस बात की गवाही देता है कि कैसे रईस और अमीर लोग नीचे गिरते हैं और सामान्य लोग आगे बढ़ते हैं।
Voltaire had observed, history is filled with the sound of silken slippers going downstairs and wooden shoes coming up.
Voltaire had observed, history is filled with the sound of silken slippers going downstairs and wooden shoes coming up.
रेड बॉल ने तीन महीनों में 400,000 टन से अधिक सामान ढोया, और बाद में व्हाइट बॉल, रेड लायन और ग्रीन डायमंड जैसे नामों वाले अन्य मार्गों से भी इसे मदद मिली। लेकिन जैसा कि पेरिस के एक मेजर जनरल ने अ अफ़सोस जताते हुए कहा था, "यह ट्रकों का सबसे बड़ा कातिल था जिसकी मैं कल्पना भी नहीं कर सकता था।"
Red Ball moved over 400,000 tons in three months, and eventually was supplemented by other routes with names like White Ball, Red Lion, and Green Diamond. But as one major general in Paris lamented, “It was the greatest killer of trucks that I could imagine.
Red Ball moved over 400,000 tons in three months, and eventually was supplemented by other routes with names like White Ball, Red Lion, and Green Diamond. But as one major general in Paris lamented, “It was the greatest killer of trucks that I could imagine.
मैं अब द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध पर लिखना छोड़ रहा हूँ। मैंने पैसिफिक (प्रशांत महासागर) पर कुछ लिखने की सोची थी, पर फिर विचार बदल दिया। चौदह साल बहुत होते हैं। मैं अब एक नई चुनौती और शायद एक अलग युग पर काम करना चाहता हूँ। लेकिन यह युद्ध पर ही आधारित होगा। यही मेरा काम है।
I’m going to leave WWII. I considered and rejected doing something on the Pacific. Fourteen years is enough. I’d like to take on a different challenge and probably a different era. But it will be another war. It’s what I do.
I’m going to leave WWII. I considered and rejected doing something on the Pacific. Fourteen years is enough. I’d like to take on a different challenge and probably a different era. But it will be another war. It’s what I do.
युद्ध से शांति की ओर बढ़ने वाली हर सेना की तरह, यह सेना भी एक ऐसे दौर में प्रवेश कर रही थी जहाँ वह अपनी खोई हुई आत्मा को हर जगह तलाशेगी। एक पुरानी कहावत के अनुसार, केवल हारे हुए लोग ही पिछले युद्ध से कुछ सीखते हैं, और अब अमेरिका के सामने सवाल यह था कि क्या यह पराजित देश और इसकी पराजित सेना वियतनाम से कुछ सीख पाएँगी।
Like any army moving from war to peace, this Army was entering a period in which it would search high and low for its soul. Only the vanquished truly learn anything from the last war, according to an ancient maxim, and the issue now confronting America was whether the defeated nation and the nation’s vanquished Army would learn anything from Vietnam.
Like any army moving from war to peace, this Army was entering a period in which it would search high and low for its soul. Only the vanquished truly learn anything from the last war, according to an ancient maxim, and the issue now confronting America was whether the defeated nation and the nation’s vanquished Army would learn anything from Vietnam.
अगर मैंने कहानी को बहुत स्पष्ट रूप से पेश किया है, तो पाठक खुद-ब-खुद किसी नतीजे पर पहुँच जाएगा।
If Ive vividly laid out the narrative, the reader will come to his own conclusions.
If Ive vividly laid out the narrative, the reader will come to his own conclusions.
ऑपरेशन पेंगुइन। आने वाले महीनों में औसतन हर दिन चौदह V-2 मिसाइलें दागी जानी थीं, हालाँकि उनकी एक बड़ी दिक्कत यह थी कि वे उड़ान के दौरान अक्सर टूट जाती थीं। V-1 के विपरीत, V-2 को रोकना नामुमकिन था—मैक 5 की रफ़्तार पर वह बस बहुत ज़्यादा तेज़ थी।
Operation PENGUIN. Fourteen V-2s would be fired on average every day in coming months, although they had an annoying tendency to break up in flight. Unlike the V-1, the V-2 could not be defended against – at Mach 5, it was simply too fast.
Operation PENGUIN. Fourteen V-2s would be fired on average every day in coming months, although they had an annoying tendency to break up in flight. Unlike the V-1, the V-2 could not be defended against – at Mach 5, it was simply too fast.
दिखावे और प्रचार के भूखे साहसी लोग सुर्खियाँ बटोर सकते हैं और जनता की नज़रों में हीरो बन सकते हैं, लेकिन ऊंचे पदों पर पहुँचकर वे कभी उम्मीद के मुताबिक काम नहीं कर पाते। दूसरी तरफ़, धीमी गति से, कायदे और नियम से काम करने वाला व्यक्ति किसी अहम पद पर बिल्कुल किसी काम का नहीं होता।
The flashy, publicity-seeking type of adventurer can grab the headlines and be a hero in the eyes of the public, but he simply can’t deliver the goods in high command. On the other hand, the slow, methodical, ritualistic person is absolutely valueless in a key position.
The flashy, publicity-seeking type of adventurer can grab the headlines and be a hero in the eyes of the public, but he simply can’t deliver the goods in high command. On the other hand, the slow, methodical, ritualistic person is absolutely valueless in a key position.
अपने सीनियर को गलती करने से बचाने के लिए हमेशा हरसंभव कोशिश करें।
Always do whatever you can to keep your superior from making a mistake.
Always do whatever you can to keep your superior from making a mistake.
एक पत्रकार ने लिखा, "वह ऐसे लग रहे थे मानो अभी-अभी उन्होंने स्टीम बाथ, मालिश, एक बेहतरीन नाश्ता और घर से कोई खत पाया हो।"
He looked as though he had just had a steam bath, a massage, a good breakfast and a letter from home,” wrote one journalist.
He looked as though he had just had a steam bath, a massage, a good breakfast and a letter from home,” wrote one journalist.
यही असली पेंच था। राजा और उसके दरबारी मानते थे कि ब्रिटेन की दौलत और रुतबा उसके उपनिवेशों की वजह से है। अमेरिका में सत्ता का कमज़ोर होना और फिर अपनी संप्रभुता खो देना, कनाडा, आयरलैंड, कैरिबियन और भारत में भी बगावत को बढ़ावा देता। एक के बाद एक मोहरे गिर जाते। औपनिवेशिक सचिव लॉर्ड डार्टमाउथ ने चेतावनी दी थी, "एकता टूटने के बाद बर्बादी तय है।"
Here, then, was the crux. The king and his men believed that British wealth and status derived from the colonies. The erosion of authority in America, followed by a loss of sovereignty, would encourage rebellions in Canada, Ireland, the Caribbean, India. Dominoes would topple. “Destruction must follow disunion,” the colonial secretary, Lord Dartmouth, warned.
Here, then, was the crux. The king and his men believed that British wealth and status derived from the colonies. The erosion of authority in America, followed by a loss of sovereignty, would encourage rebellions in Canada, Ireland, the Caribbean, India. Dominoes would topple. “Destruction must follow disunion,” the colonial secretary, Lord Dartmouth, warned.
अगर जनरलों ने युद्धक्षेत्र को साफ़-साफ़ देख लिया होता, तो श्मिट पर दोबारा कब्ज़ा करना उनकी सबसे छोटी चिंता होती।
Had the generals seen the battlefield clearly, reclaiming Schmidt would have been the least of their concerns.
Had the generals seen the battlefield clearly, reclaiming Schmidt would have been the least of their concerns.
जैसा कि आधिकारिक इतिहास में बताया गया है, उनका मूल सिद्धांत यह था कि "किसी भी चीज़ को पूरी तरह तबाह करने के लिए हर चीज़ को तबाह करना ज़रूरी है।" 1944 के उत्तरार्ध तक, हैरिस का दावा था कि सूची में शामिल साठ में से पैंतालीस जर्मन शहर "लगभग पूरी तरह तबाह" किए जा चुके हैं, जिनकी रफ़्तार प्रति माह दो से ज़्यादा थी, और अब बहुत कम शहर ऐसे बचे थे जिन पर तबाही आनी बाकी थी।
His animating principle, as the official history explained, was “that in order to destroy anything it is necessary to destroy everything.” By the late fall of 1944, Harris claimed that forty-five of sixty listed German cities had been “virtually destroyed,” at a rate of more than two each month, with a dwindling number awaiting evisceration.
His animating principle, as the official history explained, was “that in order to destroy anything it is necessary to destroy everything.” By the late fall of 1944, Harris claimed that forty-five of sixty listed German cities had been “virtually destroyed,” at a rate of more than two each month, with a dwindling number awaiting evisceration.
शरद ऋतु की बारिश में सड़कें खराब हो गईं, और स्पार्क प्लग, फैन बेल्ट तथा औजारों की कमी ने मैकेनिक्स की मुश्किलें बढ़ा दीं; इकतालीस ट्रकों वाली एक कंपनी के पास प्लास का इकलौता जोड़ा और एक पाना था।
Roads deteriorated in the autumn rains, and a dearth of spark plugs, fan belts, and tools hampered mechanics; one company with forty-one trucks possessed a single pair of pliers and one crescent wrench.
Roads deteriorated in the autumn rains, and a dearth of spark plugs, fan belts, and tools hampered mechanics; one company with forty-one trucks possessed a single pair of pliers and one crescent wrench.
एक स्टाफ ऑफिसर ने लिखा, "सिपाहियों को अपने ओवरकोट फेंकने पड़े क्योंकि उन्हें पहनने की भी ताकत उनमें नहीं बची थी। उनके हाथ इतने सुन्न पड़ चुके थे कि साजो-सामान पहनने में उन्हें एक-दूसरे की मदद लेनी पड़ रही थी।" पैदल सैनिक।
Men were forced to discard their overcoats because they lacked the strength to wear them,” a staff officer noted. “Their hands are so numb that they have to help one another on with their equipment.” Riflemen.
Men were forced to discard their overcoats because they lacked the strength to wear them,” a staff officer noted. “Their hands are so numb that they have to help one another on with their equipment.” Riflemen.