कॉमिक्स के पन्ने का पूरी तरह से उपयोग करने का एक ऐसा दबाव होता है जो आपके दिमाग को पूरी तरह केंद्रित कर सकता है, और जब विचार प्रवाहित होने लगते हैं, तो यह बेहद रोमांचक होता है। जब आप क्रियाओं के एक जटिल समूह या किसी पेचीदा भावनात्मक प्रसंग को एक ही पन्ने में समेटने में सफल हो जाते हैं, तो आपको वही संतोष मिलता है जो मुझे लगता है कि एक मूर्तिकार को पत्थर के टुकड़े को तराश कर पूरी तरह से तैयार कलाकृति बनाने के बाद मिलता है।
There's a certain pressure you put on yourself to use the comics page to full advantage that can focus your mind to a pinpoint, and when the juices are flowing, that's incredibly exciting. When you've managed to fit a complex set of actions or a complicated emotional passage into a single page there's the sense of satisfaction that I suspect a sculptor gets from chipping away at a piece of stone and ending up with a fully-realized work of art.
There's a certain pressure you put on yourself to use the comics page to full advantage that can focus your mind to a pinpoint, and when the juices are flowing, that's incredibly exciting. When you've managed to fit a complex set of actions or a complicated emotional passage into a single page there's the sense of satisfaction that I suspect a sculptor gets from chipping away at a piece of stone and ending up with a fully-realized work of art.
जब लोग चारों तरफ देखते हैं, अतीत में मेहनतकश लोगों के अधिकारों के लिए बहाए गए खून और खर्च की गई ऊर्जा को देखते हैं और यह सब दोबारा होते हुए देखते हैं, तो उनके निराशावादी होने पर मैं किसी को दोषी नहीं ठहरा सकता। जब मैंने यह किताब लिखी थी, तो मेरा इशारा किसी खास व्यक्ति की तरफ नहीं था, लेकिन कभी-कभी संदेश खुद-ब-खुद आ जाता है, भले ही आप सक्रिय रूप से संदेशवाहक बनने की कोशिश न कर रहे हों।
I can't blame anyone for being pessimistic when they look around, after all the blood spilled and energy spent to gain ground for working people in the past, and see it all happening again. I wasn't pointing a finger when I wrote the book, but sometimes the message is there even when you aren't actively trying to be the messenger.
I can't blame anyone for being pessimistic when they look around, after all the blood spilled and energy spent to gain ground for working people in the past, and see it all happening again. I wasn't pointing a finger when I wrote the book, but sometimes the message is there even when you aren't actively trying to be the messenger.
मैं भूल ही गया था कि कॉमिक्स बनाना कितना चुनौतीपूर्ण हो सकता है, जब तक कि मैंने 'रोप्स' पर काम करना शुरू नहीं किया। हाँ, आप पन्ने की सीमाओं से बंधे होते हैं, लेकिन हम सभी किसी न किसी तरह की तकनीकी सीमाओं के दायरे में ही काम करते हैं।
I'd forgotten how challenging comics can be until I started working on Ropes. Yes, you're restricted by the boundaries of the page, but we all work within technical limitations of some kind.
I'd forgotten how challenging comics can be until I started working on Ropes. Yes, you're restricted by the boundaries of the page, but we all work within technical limitations of some kind.
यदि आप आधुनिक डेमोक्रेट्स की बयानबाजी के बारे में सोचें, तो यह अक्सर सरकार पर इतनी केंद्रित होती है कि लोग इसे स्वीकार नहीं करते—मुझे लगता है कि वामपंथी विचारधारा के कई लोगों को यह समझ नहीं आता कि लोग खैरात नहीं चाहते। वे सरकारी सहायता नहीं चाहते और न ही वे दक्षिणपंथियों से यह सुनना चाहते हैं कि महान उद्यमी की महिमा क्या है।
If you think of- of the rhetoric of - of modern Democrats, it's often so focused on government that people don't accept - I think a lot of those - a lot of folks on the left don't appreciate that - that people don't want a handout. They don't want government support and they don't, from the right, want people to talk about the noble entrepreneur.
If you think of- of the rhetoric of - of modern Democrats, it's often so focused on government that people don't accept - I think a lot of those - a lot of folks on the left don't appreciate that - that people don't want a handout. They don't want government support and they don't, from the right, want people to talk about the noble entrepreneur.
मैं पहले बहुत सारे विवरण (डिटेल्स) भर देता था, जो शायद काम करने का अपना तरीका ढूंढते समय खुद को सुरक्षित रखने का एक तरीका था। सालों में मैंने इसे कम कर दिया है, फिर भी कुछ विवरण अभी भी काफी जटिल हो सकते हैं। तो इसका जवाब यह है कि यह काफी विस्तृत और शायद जरूरत से ज्यादा विस्तृत के बीच कहीं है। शुक्र है कि लोग अंतिम पन्ने देख रहे हैं, मेरी कच्ची स्क्रिप्ट नहीं।
I used to pile on the detail, which was probably a way of hedging my bets while I was working out my own way of doing things. I've cut it back over the years, but some of the descriptions can still be still pretty dense. So the answer is somewhere between fairly detailed and maybe too detailed. Fortunately, people are seeing the final pages and not my raw script.
I used to pile on the detail, which was probably a way of hedging my bets while I was working out my own way of doing things. I've cut it back over the years, but some of the descriptions can still be still pretty dense. So the answer is somewhere between fairly detailed and maybe too detailed. Fortunately, people are seeing the final pages and not my raw script.
मुझे यकीन नहीं है कि मैं ऐसी किसी कहानी का नाम ले सकूं जो कॉमिक्स के रूप में काम न कर सके। यह शब्द और चित्र हैं, और हम हजारों साल पहले थिएटर के आविष्कार के बाद से इस संयोजन के साथ सभी प्रकार की कहानियां कहते आ रहे हैं।
I'm not sure I can name a kind of story that wouldn't work in comics form. It's words and images, and we've been telling all kinds of stories with that combination since theatre was invented thousands of years ago.
I'm not sure I can name a kind of story that wouldn't work in comics form. It's words and images, and we've been telling all kinds of stories with that combination since theatre was invented thousands of years ago.
अधिक आर्थिक विकास की, अधिक रोजगार सृजन की आवश्यकता है। लेकिन कुछ लोगों को यह पहचानने की भी आवश्यकता है कि इन समस्याओं को बेहतर बनाने में उनकी भी एक भूमिका है। और हम इसे नज़रअंदाज़ नहीं कर सकते—हम इसे नज़रअंदाज़ नहीं कर सकते।
There is a need for more economic growth, for more job growth. But there is a need in some people for them to recognize that they have a role in making these problems better. And we can't - we can't ignore that.
There is a need for more economic growth, for more job growth. But there is a need in some people for them to recognize that they have a role in making these problems better. And we can't - we can't ignore that.
मुझे लगता है कि ट्रंप के चुनाव अभियान की राजनीति में जो बात सबसे शानदार थी, वह यह थी कि उन्होंने कामगारों और नौकरियों पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया। यह प्राइवेट जेट वाले अमीर उद्यमी के बारे में नहीं था। यह सरकारी खैरात के बारे में नहीं था। यह बीच के उन आम लोगों के बारे-में था।
I think that what was genius about the politics of Trump's campaign is that he focused on workers and he focused on jobs. It wasn't about the wealthy entrepreneur with a private jet. It wasn't about a government handout. It was about the folks in the middle.
I think that what was genius about the politics of Trump's campaign is that he focused on workers and he focused on jobs. It wasn't about the wealthy entrepreneur with a private jet. It wasn't about a government handout. It was about the folks in the middle.
चिंता की एक बड़ी बात यह है कि यदि मध्यम वर्ग की आय में वृद्धि नहीं दिखाई देती, देश के कुछ हिस्सों—यानी देश के मध्य भाग—की अर्थव्यवस्था उस तरह से वापस पटरी पर नहीं आती जिस तरह से कैलिफ़ोर्निया या न्यूयॉर्क में खासकर बहुत अच्छा हो रहा है, तो लोग राजनीतिक रूप से निराश हो जाएंगे।
One of the things I really worry about is that if you don't see middle class wage growth, if you don't see the economy in certain areas of the country, the middle part of the country, starting to come back in the same way that it's doing especially well, let's say, in California or New York, then people are going to become politically frustrated.
One of the things I really worry about is that if you don't see middle class wage growth, if you don't see the economy in certain areas of the country, the middle part of the country, starting to come back in the same way that it's doing especially well, let's say, in California or New York, then people are going to become politically frustrated.
जब राष्ट्रपति कर सुधार (टैक्स रिफॉर्म) की बात करते हैं, तो वे उन लोगों की बात करते हैं जिन्हें इससे लाभ होगा। वे अमेरिकी नौकरियों की बात करते हैं। वे इस बात की बात करते हैं कि हम विदेशों में पड़े पैसे को वापस संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमेरिका लाएंगे ताकि वह अमेरिकी कामगारों को रोजगार दे सके। मुझे लगता है कि अमेरिकी कामगार और मध्यम वर्ग पर यह ध्यान केंद्रित करना—मेरे लिए ट्रंप के राजनीतिक दृष्टिकोण का सबसे विचारशील और एक तरह से सबसे शानदार हिस्सा है।
When the president talks about tax reform, he talks about the people who will benefit. He talks about American jobs. He talks about the fact that we're going to be taking money that's overseas and bringing it back to the United States so that it will employ American workers. I think that focus again on the American working and middle class is- is-is to me the most thoughtful and, in some ways, the most genius part of Trump's approach to politics.
When the president talks about tax reform, he talks about the people who will benefit. He talks about American jobs. He talks about the fact that we're going to be taking money that's overseas and bringing it back to the United States so that it will employ American workers. I think that focus again on the American working and middle class is- is-is to me the most thoughtful and, in some ways, the most genius part of Trump's approach to politics.
जो मुद्दा वास्तव में बहुत चिंताजनक है, वह यह है कि आपके पास आठ मिलियन (अस्सी लाख) ऐसे पुरुष हैं जो अपनी युवावस्था के चरम दौर में श्रम शक्ति से बाहर हो गए हैं, ऐसे लोग जो काम की तलाश भी नहीं कर रहे हैं। आप पूरे दिन रोजगार बढ़ा सकते हैं, लेकिन जब तक आप उन लोगों को वापस जॉब मार्केट में लाने के उपाय नहीं करते जो काम छोड़ चुके हैं, तब तक आप समस्याओं को हल नहीं कर पाएंगे।
The issue that's really, really concerning is that you have eight million prime age men who have dropped out of the labor force, folks who aren't even looking for work. You can create job growth all day, but unless you start to do the things that bring those labor force dropouts back into the job market, you're not going to solve the problems.
The issue that's really, really concerning is that you have eight million prime age men who have dropped out of the labor force, folks who aren't even looking for work. You can create job growth all day, but unless you start to do the things that bring those labor force dropouts back into the job market, you're not going to solve the problems.
खैर, मुझे लगता है कि यह वास्तव में उल्लेखनीय है कि पारंपरिक सोच कितनी गलत साबित हुई। तटों (तटीय शहरों) पर रहने वाले लोगों के लिए डोनाल्ड ट्रंप की जीत पूरी तरह से चौंकाने वाली थी, लेकिन उन इलाकों में रहने वाले लोगों के लिए जहाँ से मैं आता हूँ, यह पूरी तरह से अनुमानित था। और यह हमारी राजनीतिक संस्कृति में किसी बहुत बड़ी कमी की ओर इशारा करता है।
Well, I think it's just remarkable how wrong the conventional wisdom was. It was utterly shocking that Donald Trump won to people who live on the coasts, but to people who live in the areas that I come from, it was utterly predictable. And that suggests something really, really broken about our political culture.
Well, I think it's just remarkable how wrong the conventional wisdom was. It was utterly shocking that Donald Trump won to people who live on the coasts, but to people who live in the areas that I come from, it was utterly predictable. And that suggests something really, really broken about our political culture.
बहुत से लोगों को जो महसूस होता है—और अन्य टिप्पणीकारों में से कुछ ने भी इसका उल्लेख किया है—वह यह है कि 21वीं सदी के अमेरिका में किसी कामगार वर्ग या मध्यम आय वाले व्यक्ति के लिए वास्तव में आगे बढ़ने का कोई बहुत स्पष्ट रास्ता नहीं है। इसका सीधा संबंध हमारी शिक्षा प्रणाली से है। इसका संबंध हमारी स्थानीय और क्षेत्रीय अर्थव्यवस्थाओं से भी है। और मुझे लगता है कि लोग उम्मीद करेंगे कि ट्रंप इनमें से कई चीज़ों को ठीक करेंगे। लेकिन, ज़ाहिर है, यह एक बहुत कठिन काम है और यह रातों-रात नहीं होने वाला है।
What a lot of folks feel - and some of the other commenters have mentioned this - is that there isn't a very clear way for somebody who's working-class, who is middle-income to really get ahead in 21st century America. That implicates our education system. It also implicates our local and regional economies. And I think that folks will expect Trump to fix a lot of those things. But, of course, it's a really tall order, and it's not going to happen overnight.
What a lot of folks feel - and some of the other commenters have mentioned this - is that there isn't a very clear way for somebody who's working-class, who is middle-income to really get ahead in 21st century America. That implicates our education system. It also implicates our local and regional economies. And I think that folks will expect Trump to fix a lot of those things. But, of course, it's a really tall order, and it's not going to happen overnight.
मुझे सच में लगता है कि ट्रंप की जीत का मुख्य आधार सम्मान है। यह शालीनता दिखाने से जुड़ा है। यह अश्वेत और लातवियाई (लातीनी) समुदायों की समस्याओं के प्रति सच्ची करुणा दिखाने से जुड़ा है। और मुझे पूरी उम्मीद है कि डोनाल्ड ट्रंप इस मौके का पूरा फायदा उठाएंगे और उन मतदाताओं को अपने पाले में लाने की कोशिश करेंगे, कुछ करुणा दिखाएंगे, और उन्हें रिपब्लिकन तथा रूढ़िवादी नीतियों से जुड़ने के लिए कुछ ठोस देंगे।
I really do think Trump's election comes down to respect. It comes down to being gracious. It comes down to really showing compassion for the problems of the black and Latino communities. And I really hope that Donald Trump takes the ball that's in his court and tries to go after those voters, tries to show some compassion, and really offers them something substantive to get excited about Republican and conservative policy.
I really do think Trump's election comes down to respect. It comes down to being gracious. It comes down to really showing compassion for the problems of the black and Latino communities. And I really hope that Donald Trump takes the ball that's in his court and tries to go after those voters, tries to show some compassion, and really offers them something substantive to get excited about Republican and conservative policy.
हमारा इरादा कोई प्रत्यक्ष राजनीतिक बयान देने का नहीं था क्योंकि जब हमने इस किताब पर काम शुरू किया था तब तक मौजूदा आर्थिक पतन शुरू नहीं हुआ था। जिन समानताओं में मुझे सबसे ज्यादा दिलचस्पी है, वे इस बात से जुड़ी हैं कि इंसानी फितरत कभी नहीं बदलती, चाहे आप इतिहास में कितने भी पीछे क्यों न चले जाएं।
The idea wasn't to make a direct political statement since the current economic collapse hadn't begun when we started on the book. The parallels I'm most interested in are the ways that human nature never changes, no matter how far back in time you look.
The idea wasn't to make a direct political statement since the current economic collapse hadn't begun when we started on the book. The parallels I'm most interested in are the ways that human nature never changes, no matter how far back in time you look.
मुझसे पूछा गया है कि क्या मैं 'रोप्स' को एक साधारण उपन्यास के रूप में करने पर विचार करूंगा—जो कि मुझे लगता है कि एक तारीफ है—लेकिन मैं कल्पना नहीं कर सकता कि मैं खुद को इस तरह सीमित क्यों करना चाहूंगा। उस खास तस्वीर से हमें एक खास जीवंतता मिलती है—फ्रेड पर किसी बात का खुलासा होने, एक गली के अंधेरे से उन यूनियन कामगारों के उभरने, या एक अकेली महिला के अपने होटल के कमरे में इस युवा व्यक्ति पर डोरे डालने के बारे में एक पल के लिए सोचने की जीवंतता।
I've been asked if I'd consider doing Ropes as a straight novel - which is flattering, I suppose - but I can't imagine why I'd want to limit myself that way. There's a certain immediacy we gain from that specific image of Fred being struck by a revelation, of those union workers appearing from the shadows in an alley, of a lonely woman wondering for just a moment if she should make a pass at this young man in her hotel room
I've been asked if I'd consider doing Ropes as a straight novel - which is flattering, I suppose - but I can't imagine why I'd want to limit myself that way. There's a certain immediacy we gain from that specific image of Fred being struck by a revelation, of those union workers appearing from the shadows in an alley, of a lonely woman wondering for just a moment if she should make a pass at this young man in her hotel room
लेकिन यह जानते हुए भी कि दुनिया घूम-फिर कर हमारी मंदी की कहानी पर वापस आ गई है, इससे हमारे काम करने का तरीका नहीं बदला, और न ही इसने हमें अपना रुख बदलने के लिए प्रेरित किया। मैं चाहता हूँ कि लोग भविष्य में दुनिया में कुछ भी हो रहा हो, इस किताब को उठा सकें और इसके अपने गुणों के आधार पर इसकी सराहना करें, न कि सुर्खियों पर किसी कथित इशारे के लिए।
But knowing that the world had come full circle to our Depression story didn't change the way we worked on it, or encourage us to change our thrust. I want people to be able to pick up this book in the future no matter what's going on in the world, and appreciate it on its own merits, not for any perceived winks at the headlines.
But knowing that the world had come full circle to our Depression story didn't change the way we worked on it, or encourage us to change our thrust. I want people to be able to pick up this book in the future no matter what's going on in the world, and appreciate it on its own merits, not for any perceived winks at the headlines.
ये समझ लीजिए कि मेरी अपनी राजनीतिक सोच को मेरे किसी भी किरदार की सोच से जोड़कर नहीं देखा जा सकता। 'ऑन द रोप्स' (On the Ropes) के किसी भी किरदार को ले लीजिए, दुनिया में जैसे हालात चल रहे होंगे, उसके हिसाब से शायद मैं हर दिन किसी नए किरदार के नज़रिया से इत्तेफ़ाक़ रखूँगा।
Understand, my own politics aren't necessarily interchangeable with what any of my characters believe. You could take each of the characters in On the Ropes, and I'd probably be in sympathy with a different one on any given day, depending on what's going on in the world.
Understand, my own politics aren't necessarily interchangeable with what any of my characters believe. You could take each of the characters in On the Ropes, and I'd probably be in sympathy with a different one on any given day, depending on what's going on in the world.
मेरे अपने विचार किसी अनुभव या कम उम्र में समाचार देखने से ज़्यादा बने हैं: मिसिसिपी के वे मासूम दिखने वाले कॉलेज के छात्र, जो दुनिया खत्म होने जैसा रो रहे थे क्योंकि अश्वेत लोगों को उनके कैंपस में आने की अनुमति मिल रही थी; हर शाम टीवी पर वियतनाम की बढ़ती हुई वीभत्सता; अपने माता-पिता के साथ टीवी के सामने बैठकर '68 के डेमोक्रेटिक सम्मेलन के दौरान शिकागो पुलिस द्वारा प्रदर्शनकारियों के साथ किए जा रहे बर्ताव से सन्न रह जाना। मेरी उम्र और मेरे बालों के स्टाइल की वजह से मुझे शक की नज़रों से देखा जाना।
My personal beliefs were shaped more by experience and by watching the news when I was young: images of angelic-looking college students in Mississippi crying like the world was ending because black people were being allowed on their campus; the slow mounting horror of Vietnam on the evening news every night; sitting with my parents in front of the TV and being appalled at the way the Chicago police were treating the protesters during the '68 Democratic convention. Being eyed with suspicion because of my age and the way I wore my hair.
My personal beliefs were shaped more by experience and by watching the news when I was young: images of angelic-looking college students in Mississippi crying like the world was ending because black people were being allowed on their campus; the slow mounting horror of Vietnam on the evening news every night; sitting with my parents in front of the TV and being appalled at the way the Chicago police were treating the protesters during the '68 Democratic convention. Being eyed with suspicion because of my age and the way I wore my hair.
पूरी कहानी में उसे आगे बढ़ाने वाला उसका आदर्शवाद भले ही हो, लेकिन अगर आप गहराई से समझें तो पाएंगे कि अपने जीवन के जिस मोड़ को वह एक कार्यकर्ता के रूप में एक अहम पड़ाव मानता है, उसी समय उसने भविष्य में आने वाली किसी बड़ी कड़वाहट या बदसूरत स्थिति की नींव भी रख दी है।
For all the idealism that propels him through the story, if you read between the lines you may see that at a moment which he considers a defining point in his life as an activist, he's also set the stage for potential ugliness down the road.
For all the idealism that propels him through the story, if you read between the lines you may see that at a moment which he considers a defining point in his life as an activist, he's also set the stage for potential ugliness down the road.
मैंने बीसवीं सदी की शुरुआत के दौर की मानसिकता पर काफ़ी काम किया है—उन सतही विचारों और व्यवहारों पर जो इतिहास की ज़्यादा समझ न रखने वाले लोगों को यह सोचने पर मजबूर कर देते हैं कि "उस ज़माने के लोग अलग हुआ करते थे"—लेकिन उन सबके पीछे ऐसे किरदार छिपे हैं जो ऐसे तरीकों से प्रतिक्रिया देते हैं जिन्हें हम सब पहचानते हैं, और हमेशा पहचानते रहेंगे।
I did a lot of work with early 20th century attitudes, the kind of superficial notions and behavior that prompt people who don't know history very well to think that "people were different back then" - but beneath all that are characters who react in ways that we can all recognize, and will always be able to recognize.
I did a lot of work with early 20th century attitudes, the kind of superficial notions and behavior that prompt people who don't know history very well to think that "people were different back then" - but beneath all that are characters who react in ways that we can all recognize, and will always be able to recognize.